Earthquake In The Sea Between Italy And Greece - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 619 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Earthquake Essay Did you like this example? Earthquake in the sea between Italy and Greece Tsunami Italy, climbed the sea level A powerful earthquake, of magnitude 6.8, struck last night just before two oclock in the morning (one in Italy) the west coast of the Peloponnese, in Greece, causing great fear but fortunately no victims, and only limited damage . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Earthquake In The Sea Between Italy And Greece" essay for you Create order The epicenter was located in the Ionian Sea, 38 kilometers from the island of Zakynthos, at a depth of 14 kilometers. The quake was distinctly felt up to Athens, about 300 kilometers away, as well as throughout southern Italy, Albania and Malta. The greatest damage was recorded in Zakynthos, in particular in the major port of the island, which however remains in operation. For several hours the supply of electricity has been interrupted. We are checking all the villages on the island, where there are many old buildings, said Spyros Georgiou, a spokesman for civil protection, after the shocks recorded. Tsunami in Italy Following the analysis of the seismic parameters, after 8 minutes reads an official statement -, the Tsunami Alert Center of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology has communicated to the Department of Civil Protection an orange level tsunami alert (advisory ) for the regions of Puglia and Calabria, which corresponds to an expected wave of less than one meter on the mainland and less than half a meter offshore.The alert has also been sent to the reference institutions in the Mediterranean countries. near the epicenter a red alert has been issued (watch). The orange alert the note adds was immediately issued by the Department of Civil Protection, which coordinates the National Alert System for the Earthquake generated by the earthquake (SiAM), because the earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred at a greater distance 100 km from the Italian coast, which means that a relatively small phenomenon was expected, but potentially dangerous for those who were in the ports or on the beaches . The alert he continued was confirmed after the wave arrived at the seafarer of Kyparissia (Peloponnese) after 26 minutes.The tsunami waves were later observed, 56 minutes after the earthquake, by the seafarer of Le Castella, in the province of Crotone, reaching the width of about 6 centimeters compared to the mean sea level and 9 centimeters to the seaographer of Crotone in the following minutes . Although these heights may suggest a not significant event explains Ingv -, it must be specified that the waves can still be risky for people, because they reach the coast at a high speed, generating strong currents. even more dangerous amplification Several witnesses, as reported by news agencies, have observed an increase in sea level of about half a meter in some locations of Salento, on the coast between Capo di Leuca and Otranto . The magnitude of the earthquake An earthquake in Greece of 6.8 magnitude has also made its effects felt in Italy. The south of our peninsula was awakened by a strong tremor which fortunately only caused so much fear. The event was attended by the director of the Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering of CNR, Paolo Messina who admitted: Fortunately this time there were no victims and the tsunami warning had no consequences, but the earthquake in Greece we can consider it a alarm bell not to be underestimated for the risk of Italy . Messina is keen to underline how the shock that was recorded in the Peloponnese, was much higher than that which literally destroyed LAquila: A shock of magnitude very high continues the expert just think that between a degree and another on the Richter scale, 30 times more energy is released, so just make a quick calculation to show how the earthquake in Greece was about 20 times more energy than the one in LAquila .

Analysis Of The Poem Dover Beach - 998 Words

Arnold uses a range of technical means in order to express a shift in mood and sentiment within the poem ‘Dover Beach’. Rhythm is used as a significant device, Arnold uses an irregular rhythm alongside enjambment to create a discursive style. Arnold switches between using iamb’s and trochee’s, this technique highlights the transformation in tone, as by moving from an unstressed syllable to a stressed syllable the fluidity of the line is broken, this is potentially used to convey the journey from a serene message to one more sinister . In this way, Arnold introduces elements of incongruity in the rhythm, which are then echoed in a move from the calm â€Å"tranquil bay† to a darker more melancholy feel, as illustrated in the harsh sounds â€Å"grating† and â€Å"Swept†. Another effect is to conjure an image of the sea in the readers mind, Arnold highlights this most significantly in line 12, with the phrase â€Å"Begin, and cease, and then again begin†. The iambic pentameter conveys the theme of the tide moving in and out, which becomes a recurring motif throu ghout the poem in its entirety to establish the sentiment towards nostalgia. Likewise, this links closely to Arnold’s use of sea imagery, the first line at first appears factual and gives the reader the notion that the rest of the poem will be implicitly similar. Arnold uses the statement â€Å"The sea is calm tonight† to implant a vivid image into the reader’s head, it could be suggested this first line sets up a happy tone which is thenShow MoreRelatedDover Beach Poem Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading Matthew Arnold’s poem, â€Å"Dover Beach†, I was greeted with a fleeting sense of tranquility and a lingering emotion of melancholy. Found in his carefully crafted words, Arnold gives an accurate representation of the beliefs held during the era of Realism by using descriptive imagery. His use of imagery is the primary aspect of the work that most interested me. For instance, in the first stanza, the narrator gives the reader the setting of â€Å"Dover Beach†. He states, â€Å"Upon the straits; onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold1139 Words   |  5 PagesMonelle Shuman English Lit 202 K. Morefield December 1, 2014 An Analysis of â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold Dover Beach is thought to be one of the best representations of the Victorian Period all together. It portrays the mood and tone of what the people experienced and felt at that time. Around the same time it was written, London had just experienced a massive boom in their population, growing from 2 to 6 million citizens. At the same time, London was becoming one of the first in the countryRead MoreAnalysis on the Poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poem â€Å"Dover Beach† is a dramatic monologue of thirty-seven lines, divided into four unequal sections or â€Å"paragraphs† of fourteen, six, eight, and nine lines. In the title, â€Å"Beach† is more significant than â€Å"Dover,† for it points at the controlling image of the poem. On a pleasant evening, the poet and his love are apparently in a room with a window affording a view of the straits of Dover on the southeast coast of England, perhaps in an inn. The poet looks out toward the French coast, someRead MoreThe Significance of Literary Knowledge in Parodic Poetry: A Look At Anthony Hecht’s The Dover Bitch1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreading with one frame of mind, key themes and ideas can be missed. Poems, on the other hand, can be vague and extremely difficult to pick apart. Poets rely on figurative language to make seemingly random word choices make sense within the right context, and having a vast knowledge of literature becomes essential when reading poetry because one never knows when an allusion can make all the difference. Anthony Hecht’s poem The Dover Bitch provides a good example of how figurative language and knowledgeRead MoreAnalysis Of Matthew Arnold s Dover Beach 1264 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1867, Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach is short lyrical elegy that depicts a couple overlooking the English Channel, questioning the gradual, steady loss of faith of the time. Set against this backdrop of a society’s crisis of faith, Arnold artfully uses a range of literary techniques to reinforce the central theme of the poem, leading some to argue that Dover Beach was one of the first ‘free-verse’ poems of the language. Indeed, the structure and content of the poem goes against all traditionalRead MoreAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach At first glance the setting of a poem is the psychological and physiological environment in which the story takes place. In some instances, the setting is used to develop the characters. Robert Browning and Matthew Arnold use the setting to expose their character traits. My Last Duchess and Dover Beach, respectively, portray the weaknesses of the characters using elements from the setting. The text, page 629 and 630, tells us thatRead MoreDover Beach and Farenheit 4511461 Words   |  6 Pages English 2342 20 April 2011 Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 The classic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. BradburyRead More Essay on Dover Beach: An Analysis1052 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis of Dover Beachnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Dover Beach intrigued me as soon as I read the title. I have a great love of beaches, so I feel a connection with the speaker as he or she stands on the cliffs of Dover, looking out at the sea and reflecting on life. Arnold successfully captures the mystical beauty of the ocean as it echoes human existence and the struggles of life. The moods of the speaker throughout the poem change dramatically as do the moods of the sea. The irregular, unorderedRead MoreLove And Loss : Happy Endings By Margaret Atwood3620 Words   |  15 Pagesunfortunate, depressing. Most people would relate love and loss to romantic relationships that ended in breakups; on the contrary, â€Å"Confession Day† allows people to confess the pain they have felt through any of their losses. In the poems â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† by Lord Byron, â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold and in the short story â€Å"Happy Endings† by Margaret Atwood, it is noticed that love and loss can happen in different situations, to different people, at different times. These writings show love and loss inRead MoreAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold 1960 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold Matthew Arnold is one of the many famous and prolific writers from the nineteenth century. Two of his best known works are entitled #61505;Dover Beach#61504; and #61505;The Buried Life.#61504; Although the exact date of composition is unknown, clearly they were both written in the early 1850s. The two poems have in common various characteristics, such as the theme and style. The feelings of the speakers of the poem also

Psychosocial Aspects of Midwifery free essay sample

Psychosocial Aspects of Midwifery Care MW2222 Practicing midwives in our healthcare system today need to have an understanding of political and social factors of their practice in order to provide optimum service for the women and families in their care. The psychosocial needs of the individual should be considered, and midwives should contemplate external factors that may affect the woman’s health, pregnancy, outcome and their home lives. This is why the whole picture of a woman’s life should be respected in order to gain contextual knowledge. With the aid of a scenario true to real life practice, this essay will aim to: identify and analyse the psychosocial impact of the processes of childbirth upon women and their families; explore the social and political context of midwifery care; examine the changing role of women as a result of childbirth; discuss sociological explanations for inequalities in health and how these affect health and the provision of maternity care; discuss the impact of medicalising childbearing; explore psychological processes of those involved maternity care; explore social interaction between individuals, interpersonal skills in midwifery practice and the implications. The chosen scenario involves Mina (Mother-to-be), Carl (Mina’s Husband), Fay (Midwife) and Inez (Student Midwife). From the very beginning, it is obvious that Carl is a very supportive husband, which has a positive affect on Mina from what can be gathered by the writing of the scenario. On the other side, with Inez and Fay, there is a feeling of negativity; Fay is very dismissive of the birth plan, and Inez’s attempt to interact with the couple using their plan through discussion â€Å"Shall I go through [the birth plan] with them when we go back to the room? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Won’t need that, she’ll end up with a section. † Analysis of the scenario will begin with Carl, the supportive husband. According to FathersDirect. com (2007), fathers often feel marginalised from he pregnancy, birth experience, and many may feel unsure of their role in the new triad postpartum. Due to not experiencing any symptoms of pregnancy, men have a very indirect ex perience of this important time in the couple’s lives. Though there is the argument of couvade syndrome, where partners of the pregnant woman experience symptoms of pregnancy themselves, such as food cravings, bloated abdomen, fatigue and morning sickness (Brennan, 2008). Carl, however, seems to be very comfortable with his role in Mina’s period of childbearing. He has taken the role of supporter to the extent that he has adopted the title of â€Å"Team GB† for the couple. Signifying a bond between them that goes beyond husband and wife. It is now the social trend for the partner to be present and the birth; it has been shown in research that the partner’s presence in the preparatory classes and/or in the delivery room generally results in reduced maternal and fetal distress (Stapleton, 2012). This includes a reduced need for analgesia (Raphael-Leff, 2008). How men react to impending fatherhood is determined by how they view the concept of gender identity (Rodgers, 2011). Their reaction is also influenced by how their pregnant wife/partner encourages his bonding with the fetus for the duration of the pregnancy (Combs-Orne and Renkert, 2009. ). There is a model that suggests that there are categories that each parent can fall in to regarding how they accept and behave towards childbearing and childbirth. This research does take in to consideration that not all will fit strictly in to either one category or the other, and that there are those groups in between who do not quite fit the criteria. Focussing on the model of â€Å"Facilitators† and â€Å"Regulators† in this instance explores the Mina’s maternal orientation towards her pregnancy and motherhood (Raphael-Leff, 1986). The Facilitator adapts her life around her pregnancy/child, and responds to its needs as they arise. The Regulator however expects the opposite; she wants the baby to adapt to her life and routine. The latter establishes a strict routine that suits her needs, usually before her baby’s (Raphael-Leff, 1986). For example, some mothers may demand feed their baby, signifying they will adapt their time around the needs of their new born. In contrast, a Regulator will feed every 3-4 hours to establish a routine, even if the baby shows signs of being hungry before the times slot. The model that relates to fathers uses the categories â€Å"Participators†, â€Å"Renouncers† and â€Å"Reciprocators†. As mentioned above, the category that the male partner fits in is determined by his own concept of gender identity (Rodgers, 2011). The western culture has liberated women, and allowed men to essentially cross the traditional gender lines (Fischer, J, 2012) in terms of their roles socially. Men are now able to nurture without losing their masculinity; they have gained the freedom to choose their role in parenthood. This model that explains paternal orientations, written by the same professor as the Facilitators/Regulators model, explains Renouncers to be those who have a traditional view of mothers being the primary caregiver and the father as the breadwinner (Raphael-Leff, 2008). Participators explain the fathers to be the primary caregiver (Raphael-Leff, 2008), while it is still rare; it is becoming more frequent in our modern western culture. This is usually the case with â€Å"career women† who return to work rather soon after the birth of their baby, or those who suffer emotionally due to their birth or the pressures of motherhood. Then there are the Reciprocators, who employ behaviours from both extremes (Raphael-Leff, 2001. Pg 74); the partner is comfortable enough in his male identity to take on paternal and maternal aspects, and is the partner who is eager to be involved in the pregnancy as much as possible (Zeanah, 2009. Pg 28) – he is usually involved in antenatal classes and other preparatory activities with the woman. He sees the pregnancy in a very positive light. As a couple, taking these models in to account, Mina and Carl fall in to the categories of Facilitators, and Carl himself is a Reciprocator. They have both built their lives around their unborn child. They have organised and gained control of every aspect of their lives; down to the activities they would not have normally participated in if Mina were not pregnant, such as yoga, workshops and classes. As the environment surrounding someone changes, an individual can either attribute their successes and failures to things that they have control over, or to those external influences which are out of their control (Locus of Control, 2012). Mina and Carl approach the change in their life in the first manner; they have made the changes in their life in order to have control over what happens with the pregnancy and how they affect the labour and birth. Whichever approach a person takes on changes in the environment is known as â€Å"Locus of Control† (Locus of Control, 2012), which links back to a study performed in the 1960s by Julian Rotter. He aimed to investigate in to how behaviours and attitudes affected the outcomes of their lives. Those who have an internal locus of control believe that the outcomes are a result of their own behaviours and attitudes (Locus of Control, 2012). The opposite is when individuals believe that the outcomes are a result of influences that are out of their control, whether these influences be environmental factors or other individuals. (Locus of Control, 2012) Thus, individuals who have an internal locus of control believe that they are responsible for their own success (Locus of Control, 2012); this explains why Mina and Carl have taken it upon themselves to prepare as much as possible â€Å"We’ve done yoga, an antenatal course and birthing workshops†. They have also prepared for the labour and birth through the production of a birth plan. This could explain that they understand the limit of their control, and are guiding the health professionals involved in the care as to how they would control the labour and birth if they could. In addition to Mina being a Facilitator, she imagines her birth as an exhilarating event. Her main fear is that of being interfered with and thrown off course (the course being her devised birth plan). The Facilitator wants to let nature take its course, as she trusts her body and its ability to get through labour. Fay the midwife, however, has a lack of faith, which is a complete contrast. Mina wants a natural birth, and under the category of a facilitator, is anxious she will become over managed by rules and external decisions, hence the preparation for labour and birth, and the use of a birth plan. Mina greets pregnancy as a consolidation of her femininity and her identity as a woman. This is almost her way of consummating her womanhood; she sees labour as a private and intimate happening (Raphael-Leff, 2008). A caesarean section would be the complete opposite with the midwife, student, obstetrician and the rest of the surgical team present at the birth of her child. The birth of her baby would be more a like to a public viewing. If her fate, as Fay has decided it, were to be to have an emergency caesarean section, there will be more of a chance of Mina being psychologically disturbed by the event. Clinical guidelines by National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, commissioned by NICE (2004) stated that a study has suggested a high level of intervention by an obstetric team (such as an emergency caesarean, but also includes forceps or ventouse delivery), is associated with the postnatal development of acute traumatic symptoms (Caesarean Section, 2004. Pg. 83), and the mother is more likely to suffer with postnatal depression. It has been suggested that hospitalisation and intervention during labour can have the effect of removing the locus of control from the woman and placing in in the hands of the medical staff. Thus, Mina is forced in to a passive dependent role to respond to the expectations and command of hospital staff rather than her own body (Raphael-Leff, 2008). By doing this, she loses control of her intimate moment, and Carl is also forced to abide by the obstetric team’s saying. Many women, along with Mina, want a midwife who will facilitate the birth experience she desires; though Fay doesn’t appear to show any interest in the birth plan Mina and Carl have taken time to compose. The International Confederation of Midwives (2011) defines a midwife as: â€Å"†¦a responsible and accountable professional who works in partnership with women to give the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, to conduct births on the midwife’s own responsibility and to provide care for the newborn and the infant. This care includes preventative measures, the promotion of normal birth, the detection of complications in mother and child, the accessing of medical care or other appropriate assistance and the carrying out of emergency measures. † Pregnancy, labour and the birth of a newborn are times of increased vulnerability. Fay has not identified to the couple or Inez, the student midwife, as to why she predicts a caesarean for Mina. Therefore, according to the ICM definition, she is not promoting normal birth or giving the necessary support, care or advice the couple deserves, and that she is required to give as a midwife. Healthcare professionals are given the role of guides in the transition to motherhood, yet a large number of women remembered labour as an unpleasant experience (Reed, 2012). The Commission survey in 2007 revealed that 37% of women felt they were ‘not always’ treated with respect and dignity, kindness and understanding. This statistic reflects the care that Mina is receiving from Fay with a lack of respect and understanding. In 2011 an article in the British Journal of Midwifery written by Nicholls et al explored the establishment of perceptions of a good midwife. Nicholls stated that a midwife is to provide individualised care and have good communication skills and instil trust in women. Fay has not expressed good communication skills by with holding information from Mina and Carl, and also by not explaining to Inez her reasons for predicting the outcome. She is very dismissive of the birth plan, which is usually utilised to fill a gap between the desires of the parents and the hospital procedures – it is not just for the benefit of the parents. This is why it is important for midwives to assess the parents’ wishes so that there is an understanding on both sides of the potential of the birth. The realities can be noted, and the possibility of not all wishes being able to be fulfilled explained by the midwife. This would demonstrate good communication skills, and being treated with respect, kindness and dignity. Failure to do so risks the trust of the woman and her family, resulting in a stressful labour, which could be psychologically damaging; leaving the woman feeling like a failure due to her birth not ‘going to plan’ as it were (Reed, 2011). Perhaps Mina is seen as demanding by Fay, as she sees Carl â€Å"struggling† with the â€Å"several† bags, one of which has been given the name of â€Å"blue labour bag†. Fay could perceive the couple as difficult clients; impatient and frustrated by the diligent planning they have done, which she could see as only making her job harder. Raynor and England (2010, page 84) suggested that clients perceived as ‘difficult’ tend to get less attention and can be denied of compassion or curiosity, and standardisation of treatment results in an impersonal experience and care as a whole (Deery 2010). Fay as a midwife is not making any attempt to acknowledge Mina as an individual. If midwives lose touch with their role, women become a production line or a succession of pregnant bodies (Dykes, 2006) and show little acknowledgement of the private nature of the birthing experience, its emotional significance and disturbing feelings it can provoke. The midwife must understand that the quality of the birth has a long lasting effect on the relationship of the mother and father to their baby and each other for years post delivery, and can affect how they are as parents. Perhaps as Mina is suggesting an active labour, Fay feels that this will make things more awkward for her; bending down to the pool to check Mina, auscultating the fetal heart rate with a sonic aid every 15 minutes, then every 5 minutes in the second stage of labour. Whereas a caesarean section involves technological aids such as fetal monitors, which replace direct contact with the woman during labour from the midwife’s view. Inequalities in health care are always present, though it is said in the Black Report (1980) that those who are educated are recipients of better health outcomes. However, we see here, that despite being well educated through antenatal classes and workshops, Mina and Carl are still at a disadvantage due to the midwife’s attitude to them as clients and her view of her practice. Due to the limited information about the couple, other suggestions regarding inequalities in maternity care cannot be made. However, the assumption of class could be made; Carl and Mina have been to yoga, workshops and antenatal classes, which could insinuate more middle class due to the cost and availability of classes. This would, however, be an assumption. Despite their possible higher than work class and education, they are still at risk of a poor outcome in terms of Mina’s health and experience. Now to turn to the issue in hand of student and mentor; in Midwives Magazine (2008), it was found that midwives do not use evidence-based practice enough to justify their practice, as student midwives are. Students in the study in the magazine found that this difference in practice, and the lack of use of evidence to support it created conflict between themselves and their mentors. Thus affecting the care that women received; it also resulted in subservient behaviour (Jones, 2008) from the students themselves. Fay does not just dismiss the birth plan; she dismisses Inez’s suggestion, disempowering the student. The implications of this are that Inez learns bad behaviour and practice – creating another midwife who does not respect her women as much as she should, and not giving her the freedom of choice and the opportunity for a normal, natural birth (Midwifery 2020, 2010). Pregnancy involves physiological, psychological and social changes, especially when having the first baby (Bjelica, 2004); it can be a very stressful event in a family’s life. Changes to a woman include physical appearance, moods, sexuality, while her role reaches a new quality. Around 50% of societies in the present day expect women to return to full duties within 2 weeks after delivery, whereas pre World War II, women were kept in hospital for up to the same amount of time after childbirth as routine (Raphael-Leff, 2008). In order for a woman to cope well with the stresses of her pregnancy and the impending birth, appropriate relationship of partners and support of the society are needed. Psychosocial support is needed; Carl provides physical and emotional support in the way of his presence antenatally and intrapartum, even as a physical leaning post for Mina through her contraction. She also needs empathy from the social environment she is in (Bjelica, 2004), which she would receive readily from Inez, if she, as a student, had not been disempowered by Fay. Overall, as a husband, Carl has provided the best support for Mina, and in return, he gets the satisfaction of making his wife happy; has a role in the labour process; and bonds with his unborn child. Fay has lost the meaning of vital parts of her practice, including disempowering her student, who looks upon her for advice, support and will learn from Fay; whether her practice is commended or not. References Bjelica, A. , Kapor-Stanulovic, N. (2004). Pregnancy as a psychological event. Medicinski Pregled. 57 (3-4), 144-148. Brennan, A (2008). A study of the Couvade syndrome in the male partners of pregnant women in the UK. Kingston: Kingston University. Care Quality Commission (2007). Maternity Services Survey 2007. London: Care Quality Commission. Combs-Orme, T. , Renkert, L. (2009). Fathers and Their Infants: Caregiving and Affection in the Modern Family. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 9 (4), 394-418. Deery, R. et al. (2010). Birth Centres. In: Tensions and Barriers in Improving Maternity Care: The Story of a Birth Centre. Milton Keynes: Radcliffe Publishing. Dykes, F (2006). Breastfeeding in Hospital: Mothers, Midwives, And the Production Line. London: Taylor Francis. Fathers Direct. (2007). A Midwifery Module for pre- registration training with special reference to young fathers. Family-Friendly Practice: Including Fathers. 1 (1) Fischer, J. , Veanne, N. (2012). Gender role attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. Psychology of Men and Masculinity. 13 (1) Department of Health and Social Security (1980) Inequalities in health: report of a working group. (Chairman: Sir Douglas Black) London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. International Confederation of Midwives (2011). ICM International Definition of the Midwife. Netherlands: The Hague. Jones, C. (2008). An exploration of the factors that cause stress to student midwives in the clinical setting. Midwives. ? Midwifery 2020, (2010). Delivering Expectations. [Online] Available at: http://www. midwifery2020. org. Last accessed: 20th December 2012. MindTools. com. (2012). Locus of Control. Available: http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newCDV_90. htm. Last accessed 3rd January 2013. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (2004). Caesarian Section. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Nicholls L et al (2011) Establishing perceptions of a good midwife: A Delphi Study. BJM 19. 4 Raphael-Leff, J. (1986). Facilitators and Regulators: Conscious and unconscious processes in pregnancy and early motherhood. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 59, 43-55. Raphael-Leff, J. (2008). Participators, reciprocators and renouncers: Paternal orientations in the 21st century. [References]. . Psycho-analytic Psychotherapy in South Africa. 16 (1), 61-85. Raphael-Leff (2001). Pregnancy: An Inside Story. 2nd ed. London: Sheldon Press. Raynor, M. , England, C. (2010). Psychology for Midwives: Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium. London: Open University Press. Reed, R. (2012). Asynclitism: a well aligned baby or a tilted head?. Available: http://midwifethinking. com/2012/04/25/asynclitism-a-well-aligned-baby-or-a-tilted-head/. Last accessed 25th November 2012. Rodgers, O (2011). Language, gender and power in discourses of maternity. The discursive construction of gender identity in pregnancy advice literature in English and French. University of Limerick: University of Limerick. Stapleton. (2012). Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress. Journal of Family Psychology. 26 (3). Zeanah, C. (2009). The Pregnant Father. In: Zeanah, C Handbook of Infant Mental Health. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press.

The Servants of Twilight Essay Example For Students

The Servants of Twilight Essay I recently read a mystery novel called The Servants of Twilight by Dean R. Koontz. Joey Scavello, a six-year-old boy, is the main focus of the book. His mother, Christine Scavello, owns a gourmet shop in Newport Beach, California. Together, the two live in Costa Mesa, a city near Los Angeles. The Church of Twilight, headed by a supposedly psychic woman named Grace Spivey, is the main force against Joey Scavello. Charlie Harrison is a private detective who helps the Scavello family evade the clutches of the members of The Church of Twilight, who are called The Servants of Twilight. It begins on a sunny afternoon in 1985 in the parking lot of a Costa Mesa mall. Christine Scavello and her son are walking to their car when an old woman appears and begins to shout, He must die! toward Joey, and rants the phrase, Dont you know what he is? Later, they see the same woman outside a window at their house and then she calls them on the phone several times, again saying that Joey must die. It is then that they decide to hire a private investigator. They go to the office of Charlie Harrison and he immediately gives them two bodyguards and a man to keep watch on their house. A while after they get home, two men come with guns, invade the house, and kill the bodyguards. Joey and Christine manage to escape, but know they must go to another city to be safe. After much research, they find that the people following them are from The Church of Twilight, lead by the old woman who confronted them at the mall, Grace Spivey. Eventually, they travel with Charlie all the way from Los Angeles to the mountains of Sacramento, trying to get rid of the Twilighters. However, every time they stop in a city to rest, the Twilighters show up, again attempting to kill Joey. Grace Spivey uses her psychic powers to locate the boy. She believes that six-year old Joey is the antichrist and the son of the devil. She thinks he will rule the world for a thousand years if she does not kill him. The group ends up at Charlies cabin in the mountains near Sacramento and they believe they are safe from the ten members of the church following them. However, they are wrong, as Spivey and her followers show up for the final confrontation. It is snowing very heavily, but eventually, Christine and Charlie are able to kill all of the ten people following them, except one. Grace Spiveys closest follower, Kyle Barlowe, turns around to be on their side. Joey, Christine, and Charlie are all safe after their week- long trek to escape the demented Grace Spivey and her Twilighters. I related to Charlie the most because I agreed with his opinions and feelings, which were expressed very deeply in the book. He did not take any pleasure in killing the members of the Church of Twilight who were following the group, but did it strictly in defense of Joey and Christine, who he both came to love. I think it is wrong to kill someone out of anything but self-defense and it is even worse to take pride or pleasure in it. Also, he turned his life around after being brought up by abusive parents, and I believe it is very triumphant for someone to turn around and help others after such a horrible past. I would rate this novel as an eight and one-half because it was very suspenseful and had an intriguing plot. Although I do not think it is the best work of Dean Koontz, he clearly uses his rich writing skills and vivid imagination in this book. I would recommend this novel to anyone who enjoys mystery novels which involve the supernatural.

Black Death Essay Research Paper Review of free essay sample

Black Death Essay, Research Paper Reappraisal of The Black Death The Black Death discusses the causes and consequences of the pestilence that devastated mediaeval Europe. It focuses on the many effects it had on the civilization of medieval Europe and the possibility that it expedited cultural alteration. I found that Robert S. Gottfried had two chief theses in the book. He argued that gnawer and insect life rhythms, every bit good as the changing of upwind systems affect pestilence. He claimed that the desolation pestilence causes is partially due to its ageless returns. Plague ravaged Europe in rhythms, devastated the people when they were recovering. As can be subsequently discovered in the book, the rhythms of pestilence consumed the European population. A 2nd thesis, which he described in greater item, was that the pestilences expedited the procedure of cultural alteration. The pestilences killed a big per centum of each coevals, go forthing room for alteration. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Death Essay Research Paper Review of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Black Death covers the affects that legion pestilences had on the civilization. The rhythm of the pestilences struck each coevals. After a pestilence ravaged Europe from 599-699, pestilence killed in 608, 618, 628, 640, 654, 684-686, 694-700, 718, and 740-750. In the early phases of the above series, intervals are evident. These intervals demonstrate the rhythms of the gnawer and insect life. Robert S. Gottfried besides argues, truly so, that pestilence may hold hastened cultural alteration. Along with pestilences came the demand for a remedy. Plague destroyed the bing medical systems, and was replaced by a modern inheritor. Previous to the pestilence, scientists based their cognition on early scientists such as Hippocrates and Galen. Scientists knew small about what they were making. The medical community was divided into five parts. These divisions were doctors, sawboness, barber-surgeons, pharmacists, and unaccredited practicians. These divisions were equal when Europe was wit hout pestilence, but were evidently non prepared for pestilence. Doctors responded with a series of alterations are to thank for the development of modern scientific discipline. Gottfried succeeded in converting me that his thesis was truth. The gap chapters gave me a solid background of pestilence, explicating why he believes it had such an impact on mediaeval population and civilization. Following, it delves into the affect that altering conditions had on the pestilences, explicating the European environment during 1050-1347 ; the clip of pestilences greatest devastation. That complete, Gottfried describes the effects instantly following the pestilence. It is said that the disease killed 25 % to 40 % of Eurasia and portion of Africa. By this point, it is more than obvious that pestilence had a tragic affect on Medieval Euro pe, but it is ill-defined as to the causes, and the consequence pestilence had on society, which seemed to be his theses in the gap chapters. But he does non disregard these subjects. After giving a full background on pestilence and European civilization and environment, Gottfried gives solid inside informations to back up his theses. Harmonizing to Gottfried, the Medical construction of Medieval Europe, adopted from that of the Romans, was about eliminated in the hunt for ways to bring around pestilence. The spread of pestilence, successfully stated by Gottfried, straight depends on clime. Plague can merely distribute under certain climate conditions. In order for Y. Pestis, a series of complex bacterial strains, to last, it mustn’t be excessively hot nor excessively cold. Too cold can kill the bacterium, and excessively hot can decelerate its advancement. During the plague’s most annihilating times, the temperature was perfect for the spread of Y. Pestis. Gottfried be sides describes that spread of pestilence can besides depend on the strength of animate beings. Worlds are simply secondary hosts to the fleas transporting Y. Pestis. The fleas afflict their host with the pestilence when they regurgitate the bacterium. These fleas prefer an animate being host, non worlds. When their animate being host dies, they move on to a secondary host, perchance worlds, but non needfully. When the coevals of bacteria-carrying fleas dies, or the temperatures prevent the pestilence from distributing, the rhythm continues until all the variables one time once more let for the pestilence to distribute. Gottfried successfully conveys his point. Robert S. Gottfried achieved in acquiring his two theses across. His methods were to educate the reader on the subject, giving merely the facts necessary to convey his point. After giving the reader information on pestilence and Medieval Europe, he argued his thesis, doing frequent mentions to points he had made earlier in the book. Gottfried besides made it obvious that others supported his theories. At the terminal of each of import point, he marked it with a figure matching to the mention in the dorsum of the book. In decision, The Black Death successfully proves that a great trade of calamity in the thirteenth century had much to make with animate beings in the environment. It besides conveyed that pestilence accelerated the advancement of civilization, conveying the demand for modern medical specialty. Gottfried makes it evident that adult male did non understand plenty about the environment to forestall pestilence, possibly a message to the universe today. Dense population, as Gottfried suggested, strains plague. Early pestilence has educated us, and we should concentrate on this, pestilence seems to be inevitable with certain fortunes and deficiency of cognition. Not merely did Gottfried educate us on the past, but may hold prepared us for the hereafter.

Best Character Analysis Jay Gatsby - The Great Gatsby

Best Character Analysis Jay Gatsby - The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The man, the myth, the legend, Jay Gatsby is the titular hero of The Great Gatsby. Nick first comes to know him as an incredibly wealthy, mysterious man who throws lavish parties, but we eventually learn his background: a boy from humble origins who is desperate to win back the love of a rich woman, Daisy, and loses everything in his last attempt to win her over. So where did Gatsby get his money? Does he actually love Daisy? And what’s so â€Å"great† about him anyway? This guide explains Gatsby’s rags-to-riches story, what he does in the novel, his most famous lines, and common essay topics. Read on for an in-depth guide to all things Jay Gatsby. Article Roadmap Gatsbyas a character Physical description Gatsby'sbackground Actions in the novel Character Analysis Quotes about and byGatsby Common discussion topics and essay ideas FAQ clarifyingconfusing points aboutGatsby Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Jay Gatsby's Physical Description We were sitting at a table with a man of about my age (3.60) He smiled understandinglymuch more than understandingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It facedor seemed to facethe whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated onyouwith an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just so far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at your best, you hoped to convey. Precisely at that point it vanishedand I was looking at an elegant young rough-neck, a year or two over thirty, whose elaborate formality of speech just missed being absurd. (3.76) His tanned skin was drawn attractively tight on his face and his short hair looked as though it were trimmed every day. (3.93) Gatsby’s very first appearance is a bit surprising and anti-climatic – he is presented as just another party-goer of Nick’s age before it’s revealed that he’s actually the famous Gatsby. That said, Nick’s description of Gatsby’s smile – â€Å"rare† and â€Å"full of eternal reassurances† that â€Å"understood you the way you wanted to be understood† – sets Gatsby apart as someone special and alluring. Gatsby has tan skin and short hair, but otherwise most of Gatsby’s characterization comes through his dialogue and actions – Nick doesn’t linger on his physical appearance the way he does with other characters (especially Tom and Myrtle). Perhaps Gatsby having more of a â€Å"blank slate† appearance allows the reader to more easily project his shifting characterization onto him (from mysterious party host to the military man madly in love with Daisy to the ambitious farmboy James Gatz), whereas characters like Tom Buchanan and Myrtle are more stiffly characterized. Jay Gatsby's Background Gatsby was born â€Å"James Gatz,† the son of poor farmers, in North Dakota. However, he was deeply ambitious and determined to be successful. He changed his name to â€Å"Jay Gatsby† and learned the manners of the rich on the yacht of Dan Cody, a wealthy man who he saved from a destructive storm and ended up being employed by. However, although Cody intended to leave his fortune to Gatsby, it ended up being taken by Cody’s ex-wife Ella Kaye, leaving Jaywith the knowledge and manners of the upper class, but no money to back them up. Gatsby ended up enlisting in the military during World War I. He met Daisy in Louisville before he was shipped out to Europe. In his uniform, there was no way for anyone to know he wasn’t wealthy, and Daisy assumed he was due to his manners. He kept up this lie to keep up their romance, and when he left she promised to wait for him. Gatsby fought in the War, gained a medal from Montenegro for valor, and was made an officer. After the war ended, he briefly attended Oxford University through a program for officers, but left after five months. By the time Gatsby returned to America, he learned that Daisy had married and became determined to win her back. Through Meyer Wolfshiem, Gatsby got into shady business (read: bootlegging, gambling) to get rich. It worked, and Gatsby accrued a huge sum of money in just 3 years. He moved to West Egg, bought an extravagant mansion and a Rolls Royce, and started throwing lavish parties and building up a reputation, all in the hopes of meeting Daisy again. Luckily, an aspiring bond salesman named Nick Carraway moves in next door just as the novel begins. Nick is Daisy’s second cousin, and through that connection he is able to reunite with Daisy during the novel. To see how Gatsby's life fits into the biographies of the novel's other characters, check out our timeline. What Jay Gatsby Does in the Novel Although Nick briefly glimpses Gatsby reaching out to Daisy’s green light at the end of Chapter 1, we don’t properly meet Gatsby until Chapter 3. Gatsby has been throwing lavish parties, and he invites Nick Carraway to one. They meet, and Gatsby takes a liking to Nick, inviting him out on his hydroplane the next day. He also speaks to Jordan Baker in private, and reveals his past history with Daisy Buchanan. In Chapter 4, he spends more time with Nick, telling him about his service in WWI as well as a made-up story about his past as the only surviving member of a wealthy family. Later, he has Jordan explain Gatsby and Daisy’s background in a bid to get Nick to help the pair reunite. Through Jordan and Nick, Gatsby is thus able to meet with Daisy again and begins an affair with her in Chapter 5. Throughout all of this Gatsby continues to do business with Meyer Wolfsheim and run his own bootlegging â€Å"business," mainly based on the mysterious phone calls he's always taking. Rumors begin to swirl about where he got his money. Tom Buchanan, in particular, is instantly suspicious of Gatsby when they meet in Chapter 6 and even more so after he and Daisy attend one of Gatsby’s parties. Daisy seems particularly unhappy and Gatsby frets. At the beginning of Chapter 7, he stops throwing the parties, fires his current staff, and hires Wolfshiem’s people instead, telling Nick he needs discreet people – this makes the affair easier, but also hints at Gatsby’s criminal doings.In the climactic Manhattan confrontation with Tom and Daisy later in Chapter 7, Gatsby tries to get Daisy to admit she never loved Tom, and to leave him, but she doesn’t. Later in the same chapter, he and Daisy leave together to drive back to West Egg in Gatsby’s distinctive yellow car. However, Daisy is driving and hits and kills Myrtle Wilson, who ran out into the road since she thought the car was Tom’s. Gatsby resolves to take the blame for the incident and still believes that Daisy will leave Tom for him. During Chapter 8, Gatsby confides in Nick about his past, the true story this time.At the end of Chapter 8, Gatsby is shot and killed by George Wilson, who believes Gatsby killed Myrtle and was the one sleeping with her. Meanwhile, Daisy and Tom have left town to avoid the repercussions of Myrtle’s death. In Chapter 9, Gatsby’s funeral is sparsely attended, despite Nick’s efforts to invite people. Gatsby’s father does make an appearance, sharing some details about young Jay’s early ambition and focus. Nick leaves New York shortly after, disenchanted with life on the east coast. Thus Gatsby's actual death has caused Nick's metaphorical death of leaving New York forever. Though real death is obviously much worse. Jay Gatsby Quotes Catchphrase: â€Å"old sport† Gatsby adopts this catchphrase, which was used among wealthy people in England and America at the time, to help build up his image as a man from old money, which is related to his frequent insistence he is â€Å"an Oxford man.† Note that both Jordan Baker and Tom Buchanan are immediately skeptical of both Gatsby’s â€Å"old sport† phrase and his claim to being an Oxford man, indicating that despite Gatsby’s efforts, it is incredibly difficult to pass yourself off as â€Å"old money† when you aren’t. He reached in his pocket and a piece of metal, slung on a ribbon, fell into my palm. "That's the one from Montenegro." To my astonishment, the thing had an authentic look. Orderi di Danilo, ran the circular legend, Montenegro, Nicolas Rex. "Turn it." Major Jay Gatsby, I read, For Valour Extraordinary. (4.34-39) In this moment, Nick begins to believe and appreciate Gatsby, and not just see him as a puffed-up fraud. The medal, to Nick, is hard proof that Gatsby did, in fact, have a successful career as an officer during the war and therefore that some of Gatsby’s other claims might be true. For the reader, the medal serves as questionable evidence that Gatsby really is an â€Å"extraordinary† man – isn’t it a strange that Gatsby has to produce physical evidence to get Nick to buy his story? (Imagine how strange it would be to carry around a physical token to show to strangers to prove your biggest achievement.) He had passed visibly through two states and was entering upon a third. After his embarrassment and his unreasoning joy he was consumed with wonder at her presence. He had been full of the idea so long, dreamed it right through to the end, waited with his teeth set, so to speak, at an inconceivable pitch of intensity. Now, in the reaction, he was running down like an overwound clock. (5.4) In Chapter 5, the dream Gatsby has been working towards for years – to meet and impress Daisy with his fabulous wealth – finally begins to come to fruition. And so, for the first time, we see Gatsby’s genuine emotions, rather than his carefully-constructed persona. Nick finds these emotions almost as beautiful and transformative as Gatsby’s smile, though there’s also the sense that this love could quickly veer off the rails: Gatsby is running down â€Å"like an overwound clock.† In that sense, this moment gently foreshadows the escalating tensions that lead to the novel's tragic climax. "I wouldn't ask too much of her," I ventured. "You can't repeat the past." "Can't repeat the past?" he cried incredulously. "Why of course you can!" He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of reach of his hand. "I'm going to fix everything just the way it was before," he said, nodding determinedly. "She'll see." (6.128-131) This is probably Gatsby’s single most famous line. His insistence that he can repeat the past and recreate everything as it was in Louisville sums up his intense determination to win Daisy back at any cost. It also shows his naivetà © and optimism, even delusion, about what is possible in his life – an attitude which are increasingly at odds with the cynical portrait of the world painted by Nick Carraway. "Your wife doesn't love you," said Gatsby. "She's never loved you. She loves me." (7.238) This is the moment Gatsby lays his cards out on the table, so to speak – he risks everything to try and win over Daisy. His insistence that Daisy never loved Tom also reveals how Gatsby refuses to acknowledge Daisy could have changed or loved anyone else since they were together in Louisville. This declaration, along with his earlier insistence that he can â€Å"repeat the past,† creates an image of an overly optimistic, naà ¯ve person, despite his experiences in the war and as a bootlegger. Especially since Daisy can’t support this statement, saying that she loved both Tom and Gatsby, and Tom quickly seizes power over the situation by practically ordering Gatsby and Daisy to drive home together, Gatsby’s confident insistence that Daisy has only ever loved him feels desperate, even delusional. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no mattertomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.153-154) One of the most famous ending lines in modern literature, this quote is Nick’s final analysis of Gatsby – someone who believed in â€Å"the green light, the orgastic future† that he could never really attain. Our last image of Gatsby is of a man who believed in a world (and a future) that was better than the one he found himself in – but you can read more about interpretations of the ending, both optimistic and pessimistic, in our guide to the end of the book. Jay Gatsby Character Analysis If you read The Great Gatsby, odds are you will have to write at least one paper that analyzes Gatsby as a character or connects him to a larger theme, like money, love, or the American Dream. To do this well, you should closely read Gatsby’s key scenes (meeting Daisy again in Chapter 5, the confrontation in the hotel in Chapter 7, his decision to take the blame in Chapter 8) along with his background, revealed over Chapters 6, 8, and 9. By understanding both Gatsby's past and his present in the novel, you can write about him confidently despite his many-layered personality. It can be helpful to compare Gatsby to other characters, because it can make it easier to understand his attitude and motivations. Nick’s cynical nature makes Gatsby’s naivetà © and optimism readily apparent, for example. You should also consider how Gatsby’s interaction with the book’s famous symbols (especially the green light) reveal aspects of his character. Remember that there are many valid ways to interpret Gatsby, as he is a very complex, mysterious character. As long as you back up your arguments with evidence from the book you can connect Gatsby to various big-picture themes and ideas. We will explore that in action below with some common essay topics about Gatsby. Gatsby is especially linked to the American Dream! What makes Gatsby so great? I think the best way to tackle this question is to ask â€Å"why is Gatsby called great† or â€Å"who thinks Gatsby is great?† That way you won’t get bogged down in an unoriginal argument like â€Å"well, he has a lot of money and throws amazing parties, and that’s pretty awesome, so†¦he’s pretty great I guess?† Remember that the book is narrated by Nick Carraway, and all of our impressions of the characters come from his point of view. So the real question is â€Å"why does Nick Carraway think Gatsby is great?† Or in other words, what is it about Gatsby that captures cynical Nick Carraway’s imagination? And the answer to that comes from Gatsby’s outlook and hope, not his money or extravagance, which are in fact everything that Nick claims to despise. Nick admires Gatsby due to his optimism, how he shapes his own life, and how doggedly he believes in his dream, despite the cruel realities of 1920s America. So Gatsby’s greatness comes from his outlook – even if, to many readers, Gatsby’s steadfast belief in Daisy’s love and his own almost god-like abilities come off as delusional. Why is Gatsby obsessed with repeating the past? Gatsby is not so much obsessed with repeating the past as reclaiming it. He wants to both return to that beautiful, perfect moment when he wedded all of his hopes and dreams to Daisy in Louisville, and also to make that past moment his present (and future!). It also means getting right what he couldn’t get right the first time by winning Daisy over. So Gatsby’s obsession with the past is about control – over his own life, over Daisy – as much as it is about love. This search for control could be a larger symptom of being born into a poor/working class family in America, without much control over the direction of his own life. Even after he’s managed to amass great wealth, Gatsby still searches for control over his life in other ways. Perhaps he fixates on the reclamation of that moment in his past because by winning over Daisy, he can finally achieve each of the dreams he imagined as a young man. How would the book be different if Gatsby â€Å"got the girl?† The Great Gatsby would probably be much less memorable, first of all! Sad endings tend to stick in your mind more stubbornly than happy ones. Furthermore, the novel would lose its power as a reflection on the American Dream if Gatsby ended up with Daisy, the book would be a straightforward rags-to-riches American Dream success story. In order to be critical of the American Dream, Gatsby has to lose everything he’s gained. The novel would also lose its power as an indictment of class in America, since if Daisy and Gatsby ended up together it would suggest walls coming down between old and new money, something that never happens in the book. Instead, the novel depicts class as a rigid and insurmountable barrier in 1920s America. A happy ending would also seem to reward both Gatsby’s bad behavior (including crime, dishonesty, and cheating) as well as Daisy’s (cheating, killing Myrtle). This would change the tone of the ending, since Gatsby's tragic death seems to outweigh any of his crimes in Nick's eyes. Also, Gatsby likely wouldn't have caught on as an American classic during the ultra-conservative 1950s had its ending appeared to endorse behavior like cheating, crime, and murder. In short, although on your first read of the novel you more than likely are hoping for Gatsby to succeed in winning over Daisy, the novel would be much less powerful with a stereotypically happy ending. How does Jay Gatsby represent the American Dream? Should we be hopeful or cynical about the status of the American Dream by the end of the novel? There is a bit of a progression in how the reader regards the American Dream in the course of the novel, which moves in roughly three stages and corresponds to what we know about Jay Gatsby. First, the novel expresses a cautious belief in the American Dream. Gatsby’s parties are lavish, Nick rides over the Queensboro bridge with optimism and the belief that anything can happen in New York (4.55-7), and we see some small but significant breaking of class conventions: Myrtle holding court at an apartment with Tom Buchanan (Chapter 2), the â€Å"modish† African Americans riding over the bridge with a white driver (4.56), old money and new money mingling at Gatsby’s party (Chapter 3). However, this optimism quickly gives way to skepticism. As you learn more about Gatsby’s background and likely criminal ties in the middle-to-late chapters (4-8), combined with how broken George seems in Chapter 7 upon learning of his wife’s affair, it seems like the lavish promises of the American Dream we saw in the earlier half of the book are turning out to be hollow, at best. This skepticism gives way to pessimism by the end of the novel. With Gatsby dead, along with George and Myrtle, and only the rich alive, the novel has progressed to a charged, emotional critique of the American Dream. After all, how can you believe in the American Dream in a world where the strivers end up dead and those born into money (literally) get away with murder? So by the end of the novel, the reader should be pretty pessimistic about the state of the American Dream, though there is a bit of hope to be found in the way Nick reflects on Gatsby’s outlook and extends Gatsby's hope to everyone in America. Is Gatsby a tragic hero? How you answer this prompt will depend on the definition you use of tragic hero. The most straightforward definition is pretty obvious: a tragic hero is the hero of a tragedy. (And to be precise, a tragedy is a dramatic play, or more recently any work of literature, that treats sorrowful events caused or witnessed by a great hero with dignity and seriousness.) If we consider The Great Gatsby a tragedy, that would certainly make Gatsby a tragic hero, since he’s the hero of the book! But in Aristotle’s (influential) and more specific definition, a tragic hero is a flawed individual who commits, without evil intentions, some wrong that leads to their misfortunate, usually followed by a realization of the true nature of events that led to his destiny. The tragic hero also has a reversal of fortune, often going from a high place (in terms of society, money, and status) to a ruined one. He also has a â€Å"tragic flaw,† a character weakness that leads to his demise. Using Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero, Gatsby might not fit. There isn’t a sense that he commits some great wrong (unlike, say, the classic example of Oedipus Rex, who kills his own father and marries his mother) – rather, his downfall is perhaps the result of a few smaller wrongs: he commits crimes and puts too much faith in Daisy, who ends up being a killer. In that sense, Gatsby is more of a playful riff on the idea of a tragic hero, someone who is doomed from aiming too high and from trusting too much. Especially since a huge part of The Great Gatsby is a critique of the American Dream, and specifically the unjust American society that all of the characters have to live within, the idea of a tragic hero – a single person bringing about his own fate – doesn’t quite fit within the frame of the novel. Instead, Nick seems to indict the society around Gatsby for the tragedy, not Gatsby himself. Final Questions Does Gatsby really love Daisy? Does Daisy really love Gatsby? On the surface in Gatsby, we see a man doing whatever it takes to win over the woman he loves (Daisy). He even seems willing to sacrifice everything to protect her by taking the blame for Myrtle's death. However, he ends up killed for his involvement in the affair while Daisy skips town to avoid the aftermath. This can make it look like Gatsby loves Daisy truly while Daisy doesn't love him at all. However, the truth is much more complicated. Gatsby claims to love Daisy, but he rarely takes into account her own feelings or even the fact that five years have passed since their first romance and that she's changed. In fact, he's so determined to repeat the past that he is unable to see that Daisy is not devoted to him in the way he thinks she is. Furthermore, Gatsby seems to love Daisy more for what she represents money, status, beauty than as an actual, flawed human being. As for Daisy, it’s pretty clear she loved Gatsby up until she married Tom (see the bathtub scene as recounted by Jordan in Chapter 4), but whether she still loves him or is just eager to escape her marriage is harder to determine (you can read more in depth about Daisy right here). Either way, there are certainly strong feelings on both sides. I don't think you could argue Daisy never loved Gatsby or Gatsby never loved Daisy, but their relationship is complex and uneven enough that it can raise doubts. Read more about love and relationships in Gatsby for more analysis! What’s up with Nick and Gatsby’s friendship? Does Nick believe Gatsby? Why does Gatsby come to admire Nick? Nick, for his part, starts out suspicious of Gatsby but ends up truly admiring him, to the point that he tells Gatsby that he’s worth more than Daisy, Tom, and their ilk put together. But why does Gatsby come to rely on Nick so much? Part of the answer comes in Nick’s introduction, when he establishes himself as both part of a privileged group (his family is pretty wealthy and he’s a Yale graduate), but also someone who’s not as incredibly wealthy as the Buchanans – in short, Nick is the sort of person Gatsby wishes he was but not to the degree Gatsby would be jealous of him. Perhaps more importantly, Nick establishes himself as relatively grounded and a good listener, which is the type of person lacking in Gatsby’s high-flying circles (hundreds of people come to his parties but Nick seems to be the first real friend he makes). Both Nick and Gatsby seem to recognize each other as kindred spirits – people both â€Å"within and without† of New York society, rich but not old money aristocracy. The cherry on top of this is the fact Nick is related to Daisy, and is thus a link to her Gatsby can use. So Gatsby starts confiding in Nick to get closer to Daisy, but continues because he finds Nick to be a genuine friend – again, something he severely lacks, as his poor funeral attendance suggests. What’s up with the â€Å"Jay Gatsby is black† theory? Is there any chance it’s true? Recently, some scholars have argued that another possible layer of The Great Gatsby is that Gatsby is actually part black, but passing as white. This would make Tom’s racist statements much more charged and ironic, if it’s true his wife is cheating on him with a black man. It would also explain Gatsby’s desire to completely sever ties to his past and reinvent himself with an old money background. However, many Fitzgerald scholars point out that Fitzgerald’s conversations with his editor about the book are well documented, and they never had any discussions about Gatsby’s race. So basically, this theory is intriguing and can be argued for based on the text, but if you take a more historical/biographical approach it’s less likely to be true. You can read more about it here and decide for yourself if you believe it! There are also similar theories that argue that Gatsby is Jewish. You can read one such theory in depth here. Is Gatsby based on a real person? Is this a true story? Is there a Great Gatsby house I can go visit? The Great Gatsby is not based on a true story, and there wasn’t a specific person in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life who inspired the character of Jay Gatsby. However, F. Scott Fitzgerald did live briefly on Long Island (which is the inspiration for East Egg and West Egg) and spent time with New York celebrities. This was all during the 1920s, when bootlegging and organized crime were in their heyday. So he certainly could have been inspired by real life, newly-rich celebrities. (If you’re curious, the house Fitzgerald lived in is still standing on Long Island, but it’s not a tourist site like, say, Mark Twain’s house is.) Finally, and perhaps most potently, Fitzgerald himself went through a Gatsby-like heartbreak. Before he married Zelda Sayre, he was in love with a wealthy woman named Ginevra King. A dark-haired beauty, Ginevra went on to marry a wealthy man, leaving F. Scott Fitzgerald behind and heartbroken. Those experiences may have all combined to create the character of Jay Gatsby (as well as Daisy Buchanan), but Jay isn’t based on any one person. You can also read more about F. Scott Fitzgerald's life and the history of the novel's composition. What’s Next? Still confused about how the last few chapters play out? Catch up with our summaries of chapters 7, 8, and 9. Read more about Daisy and Gatsby’s relationship and how it stacks up to others in the novel over at our analysis of love, desire, and relationships in Gatsby. Still wondering about Gatsby’s legacy? Is he a man to be admired or a cautionary tale of someone who put too much stock in an old love? Read about different ways to interpret the novel’s ending. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Essay

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Presentation - Essay Example Hastings, an industry expert noted that â€Å"we are becoming like them in doing some originals and they are becoming more like us in creating an on-demand interface like HBO Go," which allows viewers to watch channels on the Web and on mobile and tabulate devices† (Coyle, 2012). This comment however is not without merit because close analysis in the industry shows that online video is going that way. Already, Netflix, the dominant player in the online video industry premiered its first scripted show Lilyhammer and House of Cards which was originally aired on Fox (Coyle, 2012). Hulu also premiered its own documentary show Battleground in February followed by Up to Speed which is a documentary about the ignored monuments of American cities (Coyle, 2012). Even Yahoo which was originally known as a search engine and email provider launched Electric City an animation series produced and voiced by Tom Hanks. Netflix, the industry leader is already operating under the assumption tha t TV and internet is converging with TV networks already experimenting on of going online for its shows to be seen in the internet and handheld mobile devices (Coyle, 2012). ... Branding As a brand, Hulu was previously known to be a free internet movie provider whose content were supported solely by advertisement. Its transition from free internet movie provider to paid subscription albeit first was met with resistance (Sandoval, 2009) was however overcome where Hulu is now known as one of the leading provider of internet videos. While Hulu have made decent strides in the internet video industry, its brand is not yet that established compared to its competitor Yahoo who is capitalizing on its existing audience base. Thus, it is highly recommended that Hulu should diversify and create more original content that is patently produced and owned by the company for the brand to be known among consumers. It is also recommended that the company should advertise itself more to increase the presence of the brand. Hulu’s brand presence should also not be limited in North America but extend it abroad including the rising market in Asia if it intends to go global. Positioning The online video market uses the internet as its platform which is global in reach and cost efficient. Having this reach to anywhere in the world for as long as there is an internet connection spells a different economics for industry players because of the sheer volume of its potential market. Unlike in traditional broadcast TV whose immediate reach is limited to one geographical location such as the United States, internet video can reach other countries simultaneously without having its shows or content syndicated to a third party just for the content to be shown outside the territory of its original location. At present, Hulu is limited to US customers and is not able to other regions particularly in emerging market such as Asia. This limitation is

A Socio-Psychology Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Socio-Psychology Study - Essay Example Choosing people with the same overall qualities such as those mentioned will lower the chances of external causes of stress or fatigue causing emotional or irrational behavior. Interviews with potential participants in the study will help determine these characteristics and rule out people with cause for emotional reactions. In addition to the interviews, potential participants will need to be offered an informed consent document. This document will detail the ideas of the study, explain any potential risks to participating in the study, and assure the privacy and protection of participants' information. Additionally, potential participants will be encouraged to be completely honest regarding their personal lives; an inaccurate answer regarding issues, such as stress and sleeping patterns, can not only skew the results of the study but also place these participants at risk during the study. Once the list of participants has been finalized, a study of their normal behavior and reactions will need to be conducted. This portion of the study will involve analyzing their reactions to various things such as news, familial situations, job stress, and other problems that sometimes arise during daily life. Creating a controlled environment that limits the level of outside influence on emotions will prove to be the most difficult part of performing such a study. Additionally, participants must be told or shown situations that are real to them; natural reactions may not be had if the participants do not believe the situations they are being shown or cannot relate to these situations. During this time, each participant will be given a recommended level of restful sleep. Monitors can also be used to measure things not verbally or visually seen, such as heart rate, breathing, and swea--similar to the machines used by police departments during lie-detector tests. Additionally, the group of participants will be placed together to enable social interaction during the study. They will be introduced to each other under the pretenses of a social setting. During this meeting, activities and features that promote social mingling, such as board games, card games, and refreshments will be offered. Once participants are able to overcome the awkward introduction phase of social interaction, researchers can begin to study their reactions to each other in a social setting. This portion of the study will need to be performed for an extended time period; participants must interact with each other long enough to get to know the other participants in a variety of ways, including long enough for possible pet peeves to arise and cause reactions. After being satisfied with the level of analysis and an understanding of the behavioral patterns and reactions of each participant, the study group will be deprived of several hours of restful sleep over an extended period of time. This will ensure that their fatigue levels are high but not outside of safety levels for normal functioning. At this point, the study will be carried out in the same manner as before; this time watching for signs of emotional reactions, behaviors, and decisions. To minimize the chances of coincidence,

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Econ - Essay Example The IMF was conceived in 1944 when representatives of 45 countries met at Bretton Woods, USA and agreed on the framework of IMF which came into formal existence in December 1945 (after World War II) with 29 members. The member countries agreed that the value of the US$ follow the gold prices and that the other member currencies be pegged to the US$ with some room allowed for corrections (but with the agreement of the IMF). This par value system was also known as the Bretton Woods system. In the 1960s, the US$ was seen as overvalued. As the US government started spending more especially due to the Vietnam War, the overvaluation of the US$ became even more of a burden for the US. Thus, in August 1971, then US President Richard Nixon announced that the US would temporarily suspend the US$ pegging to Gold. This led to a breakdown of the system and by March 1973, the major currencies were no longer pegged to the US$ and began to float against each other. Subsequently, the IMF has assumed the role of maintaining the stability and preventing crisis in the international monetary system.

First And Second New Deals Analysis

First And Second New Deals Analysis This investigation assesses the successes and failures the New Deals. It will reveal how the First New Deal was more successful than the Second New Deal in relieving the Great Depression. In order to evaluate the successes and failures, the investigation evaluates the goals of the First New Deal and the Second New Deal. Furthermore it will show how it either harmed or saved the economy from the Great Depression. The two sources used for this investigation are History of the New Deal 1933-1938 written by Basil Rauch and The New Deal, What Was It? written by Morton Keller. These sources will be analyzed for their origins, purposes, values, and limitations. In contrary, this investigation does not assess the causes and effects of the Great Depression. Furthermore, it does not examine the initial reactions of the American people or outsiders toward the New Deal and the anger of the Great Depression. B. Summary of Evidence The New Deal created by Franklin Roosevelt tackled political, social, and economic issues. The program aimed for the conservation of human and natural resources, guided by the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number  [1]  . Some believed the New Deal was a program designed to prolong the capitalism. Meanwhile, other believe it was as the ambiguous label of Roosevelts safe multifarious program designed to make the United States safe for the Democratic Party.1 The New Deals involved series of programs aimed at ending the Great Depression during the 1930s. Thus Franklin Roosevelt was considered to saved America from the peril of the depression. The New Deal was divided into two part, the First New Deal (1933-1934) and the Second New Deal (1935-1938). The overall goals of both of the New Deals were to relieve, reform, and recover the United States from the Great Depression. The primary goal of the First New Deal was to help the United States from the Great Depression, while the Second New Deal was to reform the economy. The objective during the first period of the Great Depression was to increase higher prices for industry and agriculture, whereas the objective of the second period was to increase the purchasing power and provide sense of security.  [2]  The First New Deal chiefly benefited the big business and large farmers. Whereas, the Second New Deal benefited the labors and smaller farmers. The First New Deal aimed in restoring the economy from the top down, while the Second New Deal from the bottom up. The First New Deals objectives were to tackle unemployment and farm relief. If the farmers are unable to prosper, the industries will also not prosper because industries rely on farmers to buy their products. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) supervise employing citizens and increasing production. The government sought to stimulate the economy by paying the farmers to produce less. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) addressed farmers issue of overproduction because prices were too low. This program protected farmers from prices of surplus crops, inflation of currency and cheap credit. In January 1936, the Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional, stating the government had no constitutional authority to limit farmers production. It was soon replaced by the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which permitted the government to pay farmers to reduce production to save the ecosystem from erosion and conserve soil. Secondly, the Civilian Conservation Corps, Roose velts favorite program, provided 250,000 unemployed young men with a job working in the national forest.  [3]  When the NRA campaign to increase employment and production failed, they presented the Civil Works Administration provided employment to four million unemployed people to work on immediately on federal projects such as building roads and schools.  [4]  Almost a billion dollars was able to go into consumers hands. The National Industrial Recovery Act assure profit and wages for laborers. These changes were temporary because CWA ended on April 1, 1934. In contrary, the goal of the Second New Deal was social justice. Reform was declared to be inseparable from recovery.  [5]  The central objective was to provide security to the citizens who were unhappy with the stricken economy and overwhelm by the affects of the Great Depression. The federal government provided security and housing for the poor, elders, sick, and disabled. Old-aged was address by the Social Security Act of 1935. It was the first national old-aged program that provided a pension for retirees. Additionally, the federal government gave purchasing power to small business to increase profit. The government funds attempted to turn non-consumers into consumers again. The Works Progress Administration offered jobs to the unemployed. By providing jobs, workers are able to strengthen their familys well-being and boost consumer demands.  Although these programs were able to provide the population with a sense of security, it did not last because it was too weak and the some of programs addressed temporary issues. C. Evaluation of Sources The History of the New Deal 1933-1938, written by Basil Rauch in 1963, is an in depth analysis of the First and Second New Deal that investigates the successes and failures of the policies. It was written with the purpose of examining the evolution of the policies during Roosevelts economic from 1933 to 1938. The books value lies in the fact it discusses the launching of the First New Deal and the Second New Deal, the success and failures, and promises of the New Deal. Rauchs work is credible due to the authors position as a leading historian of the Roosevelts administration. However, the book is limited because hes admiration of Franklin Roosevelt. The New Deal, What Was It?, written by Morton Keller in 1963, is a collection of written sources from the period that provides evidence different perspective of the New Deals. This compendium proves to be a valuable source because it analyzes the various reasons why Roosevelt passed the First New Deal and Second New Deal. This collection of personal accounts is limited because each author has their own perspective and knowledge of the issues. Their political and ethnical stances are different from one another. The authors write those passages in order to persuade the audience of a certain situation. D. Analysis The New Deals were series of programs aimed at getting the United States out of the disastrous Great Depression. Proposed by FDR with the purpose of relieving, reforming, and recover the economy from the widespread poverty in the land of plenty, frustration and despair in the land of opportunity  [6]  . The series of laws, government actions, and social development created continuous governmental responsibility for the welfare of the economy. The New Deals introduced broad social welfare programs and generated major shifts in national political allegiances. The presidential leadership of Franklin Roosevelt must be evaluated before analyzing the success and failure of the New Deals. Afterward the goals of the New Deal and the notions of the New Deal was evaluated. Some perceive him as a major figure in the twentieth century, a man who saved American from the peril of depression and threat of fascism  [7]  . Consequently, FDRs leadership was the determining factor establishing the New Deal as a democratic alternative to Fascist or Communism. Historians such as Richard Hofstadter curtailed FDRs role as a successful leader of American  [8]  . The legislation of the New Deals was passed in a shorter time period than other important new legislation. The First New Deal attempted to restore Americas economic vitality and reform the stricken economic institutions. Rauch, author of History of the New Deal and leading historian of the New Deal, interprets the First New Deal as a desirable, democratic program of recovery, relief, and reform, made necessary by the accumulated evils of a business-dominated economy  [9]  , suggesting the success of the New Deal should be measure by social relief and reform rather than economic recovery  [10]  . Others like Edgar Robinson believed development of the New Deal was not a response to national conditions and popular demand but it was to the work of administration officials influenced by alien and socialistic ideas who without popular mandate sought to recast American society  [11]  . The topic of the New Deal is debatable because it either prolonged the Great Depression or stabilized the economy. Many historians suggested Roosevelt introduced too many programs draining the US economy of the little money it had to create as many jobs as possible. Hence, the new programs contributed to the increase in the national taxes. Federal taxes as a percentage of gross national product jumped from 3.5 percent in 1933 to 6.9 in 1940, and taxes skyrocketed during World War II  [12]  . From 1934 to 1940, the average annual rate of unemployment was 17.2; at no point did unemployment go below 14 percent  [13]  . But others suggested the programs were the best decision at the time. The First New Deal assisted in alleviating financial problems, provided jobs and improved standard of living with the creation of new roads, schools and railroads. Historians struggled to decide rather the New Deal was a good or a bad. Some believed FDR was both a radical and despot, while others believed he was a liberal. Leuchtenburg believed that most of the limitations of the New Deals were caused by restrictions imposed on Roosevelt by the ideological and political realities of his time. Ellis Hawley challenged liberal assumptions that the First New Deal was an enemy of private business interests. He argued the First New Deal was designed to enhance the position of private businesses. Ronald Radosh believed it was an effective agent for the consolidation of modern capitalism. According to Basil Rauch, the Second New Deal central objective was to provide security for the citizens of the USA. It establish security for unemployment, old-age insurance, benefits for destitute children, mothers, sick, and physically handicapped persons; stranded population rescued by better use of natural resources and intelligent distribution of means of livelihood  [14]  . Additionally, the Second New Deal did not concentrate on the recovery and rehabilitation of the economic structure but rather on social relief and reform. Raymond Mosley, an important adviser to FDR during the New Deals, reveals FDR increasing fondness for power and his pride as the source for the development of the New Deals. He conclude the New Deals had no consistency and unifying purposes; thus, the prime force directing the evolution of the New Deal was the growing demagoguery and desire for power of FDR and his advisers  [15]  . On the contrary, the editors the New Republic suggest the New Deals were too friendly with big business and it stressed the administrations increasingly sensitive response to the social misfortunes of Americans. Lastly, no event in the last four century of America beside the Civil War had stirred much controversy among historians as the New Deal. Historians still question what it actually was and mean. Some agree that Roosevelts New Deal was the only possibility of alleviating the Great Depression, but many still ultimately blame him for prolonging the Great Depression. E. Conclusion The purpose of the First and Second New Deals were to help alleviate the depression. The economy was still in shambles due o failure of construction to revive and high production prices. By launching the New Deals, FDR was able to demonstrates the power he and his cabinet obtain over the United States. The First New Deal assisted in alleviating the financial crisis by providing jobs, improved Americas standard of living with the development of new roads, schools, and railroads. Unfortunately, Roosevelt drained the USs economy of the little money it had in order to create as many jobs as possible. Franklin Roosevelt was the only reform president who attempted to restore the stricken economy. Hence the success of the First New Deal was attributed to the coincidence of good politics and the determinations of social conscience. The First New Deal was able to accomplish more goals than the Second New Deal because it provided jobs to the unemployed. The First New Deal was an immediate solu tion; it called fro a quick fix. The Second New Deal only provided a sense of security among the disgruntle citizens. Although the Second New Deal was less immediate, it was far reaching because some of the programs such as the Social Security Act is still being used today.

Julius Caesar Essay: Superstition in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Julius Caesar: Superstition In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. The setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings wi thout fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of Julius Caesar, a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. As the play develops we see a few of signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we also see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Ceasar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calphurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare.

Employer And Employee Relation

1. Given Bandag Auto’s size, and anything else you know about it, explain why and how the human resource management function should be reorganized. Answer: Bandag automotive is a family oriented business that has great potential for maximum growth. The only issue is that the human resource management function there is not operated in a productive way. Bandag automotive should focus on a brand new strategy to develop a more structured and organized human resource unit. The management function should be able to recruit great employees, handle payroll, administer benefits, and also provide services, such as help resolve work related problems. A new human resource management function could create a positive impact on the company. 2. Recommend what Bandag should change and/or improve upon regarding the current HR systems, forms, and practices the company now uses. Answer: Bandag should start over fresh with a whole new HR firm one that is experienced, and service above standards of majority HR firms. Jim should prepare a meeting with his HR firm to be sure the policies work along with his company strategy. The Human resource team should consists of several different members with similar but different titles. For example, Jim would be the person to decide who will be the executive assistant, HR manager, and HR representative the one that assist with recruiting employees for the company. These practices will make a huge improvement toward Bandag HR department, by providing quality services to the company and its employees. 3. Jim fired an employee for creating what the manager called a poisonous relationship. Explain whether or not the employee has a legitimate claim against the company and the actions the company should take. Answer: Jim firing the employee Henry Jacques, because he was having problems interacting with co-workers, in my opinion was wrong. Although, looking at the issue in a business perspective, Henry Jacques was not getting along with his co-workers, which did create a bad working environment. Also, he later reported that he had mental issues, in which was never mention to management before he was terminated. Therefore, Henry does not have a legitimate claim against the company, because it is the law to notify your employer of any mental illness or disabilities. For future incidents the actions the company should take in this type of situation, is to move the employee to another department, and if the problem persist give the employee a final and after that proceed to termination. If Jim would have used that alternative, the outcome of this situation would have probably turned out better. 4. Miriam, the controller, is basically claiming that the company is retaliating against her for being pregnant, and that the fact that the company raised performance issues was just a smokescreen. Explain whether or not the EEOC and/or courts would agree with her and the actions the company should take now. Answer: In the situation with Miriam, she was fired for a legitimate reason because of her misconduct at work. The EEOC would not agree with her considering those circumstances. Miriam is trying to use her pregnancy as an excuse, in which have nothing to do with her termination. In this situation the company should make sure the allegations against her are legit, and have proof present to the courts or EEOC. If the company cannot provide proof then this will be a case to be turned around in favor of Miriam. . An employee who is deaf has asked to switch jobs to be a delivery person and he was turned down. He is now threatening to sue. Recommend what the company should do and describe why. Answer: The truck maintenance employee who was turned down A truck maintenance employee who is deaf, applied for a job driving one of Bandag’s distribution trucks, and Jim directly t urned him down because of his disability. We believe that the employee will win if he sues Jim, unless Jim can prove that the employee was denied because there were more qualified applicants and in no way because of his disability. Yet it is still pretty risky because the court system is very strict about the Americans with Disabilities Act. If the deaf employee can prove that Jim thinks that is absurd for a disabled person to drive a truck, he will win and cause monetary and public damages to the company. Our solution to mitigate the problem is to rescreen all applicants, including the employee to see if he is qualified for the job. If he is, offer him the job if he is still interested, and he will hopefully drop the case.