Earthquake In The Sea Between Italy And Greece - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 619 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Earthquake Essay Did you like this example? Earthquake in the sea between Italy and Greece Tsunami Italy, climbed the sea level A powerful earthquake, of magnitude 6.8, struck last night just before two oclock in the morning (one in Italy) the west coast of the Peloponnese, in Greece, causing great fear but fortunately no victims, and only limited damage . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Earthquake In The Sea Between Italy And Greece" essay for you Create order The epicenter was located in the Ionian Sea, 38 kilometers from the island of Zakynthos, at a depth of 14 kilometers. The quake was distinctly felt up to Athens, about 300 kilometers away, as well as throughout southern Italy, Albania and Malta. The greatest damage was recorded in Zakynthos, in particular in the major port of the island, which however remains in operation. For several hours the supply of electricity has been interrupted. We are checking all the villages on the island, where there are many old buildings, said Spyros Georgiou, a spokesman for civil protection, after the shocks recorded. Tsunami in Italy Following the analysis of the seismic parameters, after 8 minutes reads an official statement -, the Tsunami Alert Center of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology has communicated to the Department of Civil Protection an orange level tsunami alert (advisory ) for the regions of Puglia and Calabria, which corresponds to an expected wave of less than one meter on the mainland and less than half a meter offshore.The alert has also been sent to the reference institutions in the Mediterranean countries. near the epicenter a red alert has been issued (watch). The orange alert the note adds was immediately issued by the Department of Civil Protection, which coordinates the National Alert System for the Earthquake generated by the earthquake (SiAM), because the earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred at a greater distance 100 km from the Italian coast, which means that a relatively small phenomenon was expected, but potentially dangerous for those who were in the ports or on the beaches . The alert he continued was confirmed after the wave arrived at the seafarer of Kyparissia (Peloponnese) after 26 minutes.The tsunami waves were later observed, 56 minutes after the earthquake, by the seafarer of Le Castella, in the province of Crotone, reaching the width of about 6 centimeters compared to the mean sea level and 9 centimeters to the seaographer of Crotone in the following minutes . Although these heights may suggest a not significant event explains Ingv -, it must be specified that the waves can still be risky for people, because they reach the coast at a high speed, generating strong currents. even more dangerous amplification Several witnesses, as reported by news agencies, have observed an increase in sea level of about half a meter in some locations of Salento, on the coast between Capo di Leuca and Otranto . The magnitude of the earthquake An earthquake in Greece of 6.8 magnitude has also made its effects felt in Italy. The south of our peninsula was awakened by a strong tremor which fortunately only caused so much fear. The event was attended by the director of the Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering of CNR, Paolo Messina who admitted: Fortunately this time there were no victims and the tsunami warning had no consequences, but the earthquake in Greece we can consider it a alarm bell not to be underestimated for the risk of Italy . Messina is keen to underline how the shock that was recorded in the Peloponnese, was much higher than that which literally destroyed LAquila: A shock of magnitude very high continues the expert just think that between a degree and another on the Richter scale, 30 times more energy is released, so just make a quick calculation to show how the earthquake in Greece was about 20 times more energy than the one in LAquila .

Analysis Of The Poem Dover Beach - 998 Words

Arnold uses a range of technical means in order to express a shift in mood and sentiment within the poem ‘Dover Beach’. Rhythm is used as a significant device, Arnold uses an irregular rhythm alongside enjambment to create a discursive style. Arnold switches between using iamb’s and trochee’s, this technique highlights the transformation in tone, as by moving from an unstressed syllable to a stressed syllable the fluidity of the line is broken, this is potentially used to convey the journey from a serene message to one more sinister . In this way, Arnold introduces elements of incongruity in the rhythm, which are then echoed in a move from the calm â€Å"tranquil bay† to a darker more melancholy feel, as illustrated in the harsh sounds â€Å"grating† and â€Å"Swept†. Another effect is to conjure an image of the sea in the readers mind, Arnold highlights this most significantly in line 12, with the phrase â€Å"Begin, and cease, and then again begin†. The iambic pentameter conveys the theme of the tide moving in and out, which becomes a recurring motif throu ghout the poem in its entirety to establish the sentiment towards nostalgia. Likewise, this links closely to Arnold’s use of sea imagery, the first line at first appears factual and gives the reader the notion that the rest of the poem will be implicitly similar. Arnold uses the statement â€Å"The sea is calm tonight† to implant a vivid image into the reader’s head, it could be suggested this first line sets up a happy tone which is thenShow MoreRelatedDover Beach Poem Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading Matthew Arnold’s poem, â€Å"Dover Beach†, I was greeted with a fleeting sense of tranquility and a lingering emotion of melancholy. Found in his carefully crafted words, Arnold gives an accurate representation of the beliefs held during the era of Realism by using descriptive imagery. His use of imagery is the primary aspect of the work that most interested me. For instance, in the first stanza, the narrator gives the reader the setting of â€Å"Dover Beach†. He states, â€Å"Upon the straits; onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold1139 Words   |  5 PagesMonelle Shuman English Lit 202 K. Morefield December 1, 2014 An Analysis of â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold Dover Beach is thought to be one of the best representations of the Victorian Period all together. It portrays the mood and tone of what the people experienced and felt at that time. Around the same time it was written, London had just experienced a massive boom in their population, growing from 2 to 6 million citizens. At the same time, London was becoming one of the first in the countryRead MoreAnalysis on the Poem Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poem â€Å"Dover Beach† is a dramatic monologue of thirty-seven lines, divided into four unequal sections or â€Å"paragraphs† of fourteen, six, eight, and nine lines. In the title, â€Å"Beach† is more significant than â€Å"Dover,† for it points at the controlling image of the poem. On a pleasant evening, the poet and his love are apparently in a room with a window affording a view of the straits of Dover on the southeast coast of England, perhaps in an inn. The poet looks out toward the French coast, someRead MoreThe Significance of Literary Knowledge in Parodic Poetry: A Look At Anthony Hecht’s The Dover Bitch1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreading with one frame of mind, key themes and ideas can be missed. Poems, on the other hand, can be vague and extremely difficult to pick apart. Poets rely on figurative language to make seemingly random word choices make sense within the right context, and having a vast knowledge of literature becomes essential when reading poetry because one never knows when an allusion can make all the difference. Anthony Hecht’s poem The Dover Bitch provides a good example of how figurative language and knowledgeRead MoreAnalysis Of Matthew Arnold s Dover Beach 1264 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1867, Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach is short lyrical elegy that depicts a couple overlooking the English Channel, questioning the gradual, steady loss of faith of the time. Set against this backdrop of a society’s crisis of faith, Arnold artfully uses a range of literary techniques to reinforce the central theme of the poem, leading some to argue that Dover Beach was one of the first ‘free-verse’ poems of the language. Indeed, the structure and content of the poem goes against all traditionalRead MoreAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of the Setting in My Last Duchess and Dover Beach At first glance the setting of a poem is the psychological and physiological environment in which the story takes place. In some instances, the setting is used to develop the characters. Robert Browning and Matthew Arnold use the setting to expose their character traits. My Last Duchess and Dover Beach, respectively, portray the weaknesses of the characters using elements from the setting. The text, page 629 and 630, tells us thatRead MoreDover Beach and Farenheit 4511461 Words   |  6 Pages English 2342 20 April 2011 Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 The classic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. BradburyRead More Essay on Dover Beach: An Analysis1052 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis of Dover Beachnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Dover Beach intrigued me as soon as I read the title. I have a great love of beaches, so I feel a connection with the speaker as he or she stands on the cliffs of Dover, looking out at the sea and reflecting on life. Arnold successfully captures the mystical beauty of the ocean as it echoes human existence and the struggles of life. The moods of the speaker throughout the poem change dramatically as do the moods of the sea. The irregular, unorderedRead MoreLove And Loss : Happy Endings By Margaret Atwood3620 Words   |  15 Pagesunfortunate, depressing. Most people would relate love and loss to romantic relationships that ended in breakups; on the contrary, â€Å"Confession Day† allows people to confess the pain they have felt through any of their losses. In the poems â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† by Lord Byron, â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold and in the short story â€Å"Happy Endings† by Margaret Atwood, it is noticed that love and loss can happen in different situations, to different people, at different times. These writings show love and loss inRead MoreAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold 1960 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Dover Beach and The Buried Life by Matthew Arnold Matthew Arnold is one of the many famous and prolific writers from the nineteenth century. Two of his best known works are entitled #61505;Dover Beach#61504; and #61505;The Buried Life.#61504; Although the exact date of composition is unknown, clearly they were both written in the early 1850s. The two poems have in common various characteristics, such as the theme and style. The feelings of the speakers of the poem also

Psychosocial Aspects of Midwifery free essay sample

Psychosocial Aspects of Midwifery Care MW2222 Practicing midwives in our healthcare system today need to have an understanding of political and social factors of their practice in order to provide optimum service for the women and families in their care. The psychosocial needs of the individual should be considered, and midwives should contemplate external factors that may affect the woman’s health, pregnancy, outcome and their home lives. This is why the whole picture of a woman’s life should be respected in order to gain contextual knowledge. With the aid of a scenario true to real life practice, this essay will aim to: identify and analyse the psychosocial impact of the processes of childbirth upon women and their families; explore the social and political context of midwifery care; examine the changing role of women as a result of childbirth; discuss sociological explanations for inequalities in health and how these affect health and the provision of maternity care; discuss the impact of medicalising childbearing; explore psychological processes of those involved maternity care; explore social interaction between individuals, interpersonal skills in midwifery practice and the implications. The chosen scenario involves Mina (Mother-to-be), Carl (Mina’s Husband), Fay (Midwife) and Inez (Student Midwife). From the very beginning, it is obvious that Carl is a very supportive husband, which has a positive affect on Mina from what can be gathered by the writing of the scenario. On the other side, with Inez and Fay, there is a feeling of negativity; Fay is very dismissive of the birth plan, and Inez’s attempt to interact with the couple using their plan through discussion â€Å"Shall I go through [the birth plan] with them when we go back to the room? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Won’t need that, she’ll end up with a section. † Analysis of the scenario will begin with Carl, the supportive husband. According to FathersDirect. com (2007), fathers often feel marginalised from he pregnancy, birth experience, and many may feel unsure of their role in the new triad postpartum. Due to not experiencing any symptoms of pregnancy, men have a very indirect ex perience of this important time in the couple’s lives. Though there is the argument of couvade syndrome, where partners of the pregnant woman experience symptoms of pregnancy themselves, such as food cravings, bloated abdomen, fatigue and morning sickness (Brennan, 2008). Carl, however, seems to be very comfortable with his role in Mina’s period of childbearing. He has taken the role of supporter to the extent that he has adopted the title of â€Å"Team GB† for the couple. Signifying a bond between them that goes beyond husband and wife. It is now the social trend for the partner to be present and the birth; it has been shown in research that the partner’s presence in the preparatory classes and/or in the delivery room generally results in reduced maternal and fetal distress (Stapleton, 2012). This includes a reduced need for analgesia (Raphael-Leff, 2008). How men react to impending fatherhood is determined by how they view the concept of gender identity (Rodgers, 2011). Their reaction is also influenced by how their pregnant wife/partner encourages his bonding with the fetus for the duration of the pregnancy (Combs-Orne and Renkert, 2009. ). There is a model that suggests that there are categories that each parent can fall in to regarding how they accept and behave towards childbearing and childbirth. This research does take in to consideration that not all will fit strictly in to either one category or the other, and that there are those groups in between who do not quite fit the criteria. Focussing on the model of â€Å"Facilitators† and â€Å"Regulators† in this instance explores the Mina’s maternal orientation towards her pregnancy and motherhood (Raphael-Leff, 1986). The Facilitator adapts her life around her pregnancy/child, and responds to its needs as they arise. The Regulator however expects the opposite; she wants the baby to adapt to her life and routine. The latter establishes a strict routine that suits her needs, usually before her baby’s (Raphael-Leff, 1986). For example, some mothers may demand feed their baby, signifying they will adapt their time around the needs of their new born. In contrast, a Regulator will feed every 3-4 hours to establish a routine, even if the baby shows signs of being hungry before the times slot. The model that relates to fathers uses the categories â€Å"Participators†, â€Å"Renouncers† and â€Å"Reciprocators†. As mentioned above, the category that the male partner fits in is determined by his own concept of gender identity (Rodgers, 2011). The western culture has liberated women, and allowed men to essentially cross the traditional gender lines (Fischer, J, 2012) in terms of their roles socially. Men are now able to nurture without losing their masculinity; they have gained the freedom to choose their role in parenthood. This model that explains paternal orientations, written by the same professor as the Facilitators/Regulators model, explains Renouncers to be those who have a traditional view of mothers being the primary caregiver and the father as the breadwinner (Raphael-Leff, 2008). Participators explain the fathers to be the primary caregiver (Raphael-Leff, 2008), while it is still rare; it is becoming more frequent in our modern western culture. This is usually the case with â€Å"career women† who return to work rather soon after the birth of their baby, or those who suffer emotionally due to their birth or the pressures of motherhood. Then there are the Reciprocators, who employ behaviours from both extremes (Raphael-Leff, 2001. Pg 74); the partner is comfortable enough in his male identity to take on paternal and maternal aspects, and is the partner who is eager to be involved in the pregnancy as much as possible (Zeanah, 2009. Pg 28) – he is usually involved in antenatal classes and other preparatory activities with the woman. He sees the pregnancy in a very positive light. As a couple, taking these models in to account, Mina and Carl fall in to the categories of Facilitators, and Carl himself is a Reciprocator. They have both built their lives around their unborn child. They have organised and gained control of every aspect of their lives; down to the activities they would not have normally participated in if Mina were not pregnant, such as yoga, workshops and classes. As the environment surrounding someone changes, an individual can either attribute their successes and failures to things that they have control over, or to those external influences which are out of their control (Locus of Control, 2012). Mina and Carl approach the change in their life in the first manner; they have made the changes in their life in order to have control over what happens with the pregnancy and how they affect the labour and birth. Whichever approach a person takes on changes in the environment is known as â€Å"Locus of Control† (Locus of Control, 2012), which links back to a study performed in the 1960s by Julian Rotter. He aimed to investigate in to how behaviours and attitudes affected the outcomes of their lives. Those who have an internal locus of control believe that the outcomes are a result of their own behaviours and attitudes (Locus of Control, 2012). The opposite is when individuals believe that the outcomes are a result of influences that are out of their control, whether these influences be environmental factors or other individuals. (Locus of Control, 2012) Thus, individuals who have an internal locus of control believe that they are responsible for their own success (Locus of Control, 2012); this explains why Mina and Carl have taken it upon themselves to prepare as much as possible â€Å"We’ve done yoga, an antenatal course and birthing workshops†. They have also prepared for the labour and birth through the production of a birth plan. This could explain that they understand the limit of their control, and are guiding the health professionals involved in the care as to how they would control the labour and birth if they could. In addition to Mina being a Facilitator, she imagines her birth as an exhilarating event. Her main fear is that of being interfered with and thrown off course (the course being her devised birth plan). The Facilitator wants to let nature take its course, as she trusts her body and its ability to get through labour. Fay the midwife, however, has a lack of faith, which is a complete contrast. Mina wants a natural birth, and under the category of a facilitator, is anxious she will become over managed by rules and external decisions, hence the preparation for labour and birth, and the use of a birth plan. Mina greets pregnancy as a consolidation of her femininity and her identity as a woman. This is almost her way of consummating her womanhood; she sees labour as a private and intimate happening (Raphael-Leff, 2008). A caesarean section would be the complete opposite with the midwife, student, obstetrician and the rest of the surgical team present at the birth of her child. The birth of her baby would be more a like to a public viewing. If her fate, as Fay has decided it, were to be to have an emergency caesarean section, there will be more of a chance of Mina being psychologically disturbed by the event. Clinical guidelines by National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, commissioned by NICE (2004) stated that a study has suggested a high level of intervention by an obstetric team (such as an emergency caesarean, but also includes forceps or ventouse delivery), is associated with the postnatal development of acute traumatic symptoms (Caesarean Section, 2004. Pg. 83), and the mother is more likely to suffer with postnatal depression. It has been suggested that hospitalisation and intervention during labour can have the effect of removing the locus of control from the woman and placing in in the hands of the medical staff. Thus, Mina is forced in to a passive dependent role to respond to the expectations and command of hospital staff rather than her own body (Raphael-Leff, 2008). By doing this, she loses control of her intimate moment, and Carl is also forced to abide by the obstetric team’s saying. Many women, along with Mina, want a midwife who will facilitate the birth experience she desires; though Fay doesn’t appear to show any interest in the birth plan Mina and Carl have taken time to compose. The International Confederation of Midwives (2011) defines a midwife as: â€Å"†¦a responsible and accountable professional who works in partnership with women to give the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period, to conduct births on the midwife’s own responsibility and to provide care for the newborn and the infant. This care includes preventative measures, the promotion of normal birth, the detection of complications in mother and child, the accessing of medical care or other appropriate assistance and the carrying out of emergency measures. † Pregnancy, labour and the birth of a newborn are times of increased vulnerability. Fay has not identified to the couple or Inez, the student midwife, as to why she predicts a caesarean for Mina. Therefore, according to the ICM definition, she is not promoting normal birth or giving the necessary support, care or advice the couple deserves, and that she is required to give as a midwife. Healthcare professionals are given the role of guides in the transition to motherhood, yet a large number of women remembered labour as an unpleasant experience (Reed, 2012). The Commission survey in 2007 revealed that 37% of women felt they were ‘not always’ treated with respect and dignity, kindness and understanding. This statistic reflects the care that Mina is receiving from Fay with a lack of respect and understanding. In 2011 an article in the British Journal of Midwifery written by Nicholls et al explored the establishment of perceptions of a good midwife. Nicholls stated that a midwife is to provide individualised care and have good communication skills and instil trust in women. Fay has not expressed good communication skills by with holding information from Mina and Carl, and also by not explaining to Inez her reasons for predicting the outcome. She is very dismissive of the birth plan, which is usually utilised to fill a gap between the desires of the parents and the hospital procedures – it is not just for the benefit of the parents. This is why it is important for midwives to assess the parents’ wishes so that there is an understanding on both sides of the potential of the birth. The realities can be noted, and the possibility of not all wishes being able to be fulfilled explained by the midwife. This would demonstrate good communication skills, and being treated with respect, kindness and dignity. Failure to do so risks the trust of the woman and her family, resulting in a stressful labour, which could be psychologically damaging; leaving the woman feeling like a failure due to her birth not ‘going to plan’ as it were (Reed, 2011). Perhaps Mina is seen as demanding by Fay, as she sees Carl â€Å"struggling† with the â€Å"several† bags, one of which has been given the name of â€Å"blue labour bag†. Fay could perceive the couple as difficult clients; impatient and frustrated by the diligent planning they have done, which she could see as only making her job harder. Raynor and England (2010, page 84) suggested that clients perceived as ‘difficult’ tend to get less attention and can be denied of compassion or curiosity, and standardisation of treatment results in an impersonal experience and care as a whole (Deery 2010). Fay as a midwife is not making any attempt to acknowledge Mina as an individual. If midwives lose touch with their role, women become a production line or a succession of pregnant bodies (Dykes, 2006) and show little acknowledgement of the private nature of the birthing experience, its emotional significance and disturbing feelings it can provoke. The midwife must understand that the quality of the birth has a long lasting effect on the relationship of the mother and father to their baby and each other for years post delivery, and can affect how they are as parents. Perhaps as Mina is suggesting an active labour, Fay feels that this will make things more awkward for her; bending down to the pool to check Mina, auscultating the fetal heart rate with a sonic aid every 15 minutes, then every 5 minutes in the second stage of labour. Whereas a caesarean section involves technological aids such as fetal monitors, which replace direct contact with the woman during labour from the midwife’s view. Inequalities in health care are always present, though it is said in the Black Report (1980) that those who are educated are recipients of better health outcomes. However, we see here, that despite being well educated through antenatal classes and workshops, Mina and Carl are still at a disadvantage due to the midwife’s attitude to them as clients and her view of her practice. Due to the limited information about the couple, other suggestions regarding inequalities in maternity care cannot be made. However, the assumption of class could be made; Carl and Mina have been to yoga, workshops and antenatal classes, which could insinuate more middle class due to the cost and availability of classes. This would, however, be an assumption. Despite their possible higher than work class and education, they are still at risk of a poor outcome in terms of Mina’s health and experience. Now to turn to the issue in hand of student and mentor; in Midwives Magazine (2008), it was found that midwives do not use evidence-based practice enough to justify their practice, as student midwives are. Students in the study in the magazine found that this difference in practice, and the lack of use of evidence to support it created conflict between themselves and their mentors. Thus affecting the care that women received; it also resulted in subservient behaviour (Jones, 2008) from the students themselves. Fay does not just dismiss the birth plan; she dismisses Inez’s suggestion, disempowering the student. The implications of this are that Inez learns bad behaviour and practice – creating another midwife who does not respect her women as much as she should, and not giving her the freedom of choice and the opportunity for a normal, natural birth (Midwifery 2020, 2010). Pregnancy involves physiological, psychological and social changes, especially when having the first baby (Bjelica, 2004); it can be a very stressful event in a family’s life. Changes to a woman include physical appearance, moods, sexuality, while her role reaches a new quality. Around 50% of societies in the present day expect women to return to full duties within 2 weeks after delivery, whereas pre World War II, women were kept in hospital for up to the same amount of time after childbirth as routine (Raphael-Leff, 2008). In order for a woman to cope well with the stresses of her pregnancy and the impending birth, appropriate relationship of partners and support of the society are needed. Psychosocial support is needed; Carl provides physical and emotional support in the way of his presence antenatally and intrapartum, even as a physical leaning post for Mina through her contraction. She also needs empathy from the social environment she is in (Bjelica, 2004), which she would receive readily from Inez, if she, as a student, had not been disempowered by Fay. Overall, as a husband, Carl has provided the best support for Mina, and in return, he gets the satisfaction of making his wife happy; has a role in the labour process; and bonds with his unborn child. Fay has lost the meaning of vital parts of her practice, including disempowering her student, who looks upon her for advice, support and will learn from Fay; whether her practice is commended or not. References Bjelica, A. , Kapor-Stanulovic, N. (2004). Pregnancy as a psychological event. Medicinski Pregled. 57 (3-4), 144-148. Brennan, A (2008). A study of the Couvade syndrome in the male partners of pregnant women in the UK. Kingston: Kingston University. Care Quality Commission (2007). Maternity Services Survey 2007. London: Care Quality Commission. Combs-Orme, T. , Renkert, L. (2009). Fathers and Their Infants: Caregiving and Affection in the Modern Family. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 9 (4), 394-418. Deery, R. et al. (2010). Birth Centres. In: Tensions and Barriers in Improving Maternity Care: The Story of a Birth Centre. Milton Keynes: Radcliffe Publishing. Dykes, F (2006). Breastfeeding in Hospital: Mothers, Midwives, And the Production Line. London: Taylor Francis. Fathers Direct. (2007). A Midwifery Module for pre- registration training with special reference to young fathers. Family-Friendly Practice: Including Fathers. 1 (1) Fischer, J. , Veanne, N. (2012). Gender role attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. Psychology of Men and Masculinity. 13 (1) Department of Health and Social Security (1980) Inequalities in health: report of a working group. (Chairman: Sir Douglas Black) London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. International Confederation of Midwives (2011). ICM International Definition of the Midwife. Netherlands: The Hague. Jones, C. (2008). An exploration of the factors that cause stress to student midwives in the clinical setting. Midwives. ? Midwifery 2020, (2010). Delivering Expectations. [Online] Available at: http://www. midwifery2020. org. Last accessed: 20th December 2012. MindTools. com. (2012). Locus of Control. Available: http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newCDV_90. htm. Last accessed 3rd January 2013. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (2004). Caesarian Section. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Nicholls L et al (2011) Establishing perceptions of a good midwife: A Delphi Study. BJM 19. 4 Raphael-Leff, J. (1986). Facilitators and Regulators: Conscious and unconscious processes in pregnancy and early motherhood. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 59, 43-55. Raphael-Leff, J. (2008). Participators, reciprocators and renouncers: Paternal orientations in the 21st century. [References]. . Psycho-analytic Psychotherapy in South Africa. 16 (1), 61-85. Raphael-Leff (2001). Pregnancy: An Inside Story. 2nd ed. London: Sheldon Press. Raynor, M. , England, C. (2010). Psychology for Midwives: Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium. London: Open University Press. Reed, R. (2012). Asynclitism: a well aligned baby or a tilted head?. Available: http://midwifethinking. com/2012/04/25/asynclitism-a-well-aligned-baby-or-a-tilted-head/. Last accessed 25th November 2012. Rodgers, O (2011). Language, gender and power in discourses of maternity. The discursive construction of gender identity in pregnancy advice literature in English and French. University of Limerick: University of Limerick. Stapleton. (2012). Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress. Journal of Family Psychology. 26 (3). Zeanah, C. (2009). The Pregnant Father. In: Zeanah, C Handbook of Infant Mental Health. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press.

The Servants of Twilight Essay Example For Students

The Servants of Twilight Essay I recently read a mystery novel called The Servants of Twilight by Dean R. Koontz. Joey Scavello, a six-year-old boy, is the main focus of the book. His mother, Christine Scavello, owns a gourmet shop in Newport Beach, California. Together, the two live in Costa Mesa, a city near Los Angeles. The Church of Twilight, headed by a supposedly psychic woman named Grace Spivey, is the main force against Joey Scavello. Charlie Harrison is a private detective who helps the Scavello family evade the clutches of the members of The Church of Twilight, who are called The Servants of Twilight. It begins on a sunny afternoon in 1985 in the parking lot of a Costa Mesa mall. Christine Scavello and her son are walking to their car when an old woman appears and begins to shout, He must die! toward Joey, and rants the phrase, Dont you know what he is? Later, they see the same woman outside a window at their house and then she calls them on the phone several times, again saying that Joey must die. It is then that they decide to hire a private investigator. They go to the office of Charlie Harrison and he immediately gives them two bodyguards and a man to keep watch on their house. A while after they get home, two men come with guns, invade the house, and kill the bodyguards. Joey and Christine manage to escape, but know they must go to another city to be safe. After much research, they find that the people following them are from The Church of Twilight, lead by the old woman who confronted them at the mall, Grace Spivey. Eventually, they travel with Charlie all the way from Los Angeles to the mountains of Sacramento, trying to get rid of the Twilighters. However, every time they stop in a city to rest, the Twilighters show up, again attempting to kill Joey. Grace Spivey uses her psychic powers to locate the boy. She believes that six-year old Joey is the antichrist and the son of the devil. She thinks he will rule the world for a thousand years if she does not kill him. The group ends up at Charlies cabin in the mountains near Sacramento and they believe they are safe from the ten members of the church following them. However, they are wrong, as Spivey and her followers show up for the final confrontation. It is snowing very heavily, but eventually, Christine and Charlie are able to kill all of the ten people following them, except one. Grace Spiveys closest follower, Kyle Barlowe, turns around to be on their side. Joey, Christine, and Charlie are all safe after their week- long trek to escape the demented Grace Spivey and her Twilighters. I related to Charlie the most because I agreed with his opinions and feelings, which were expressed very deeply in the book. He did not take any pleasure in killing the members of the Church of Twilight who were following the group, but did it strictly in defense of Joey and Christine, who he both came to love. I think it is wrong to kill someone out of anything but self-defense and it is even worse to take pride or pleasure in it. Also, he turned his life around after being brought up by abusive parents, and I believe it is very triumphant for someone to turn around and help others after such a horrible past. I would rate this novel as an eight and one-half because it was very suspenseful and had an intriguing plot. Although I do not think it is the best work of Dean Koontz, he clearly uses his rich writing skills and vivid imagination in this book. I would recommend this novel to anyone who enjoys mystery novels which involve the supernatural.