Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

The Search for Im soulity In The Epic of Gilgamesh the main character, Gilgamesh, is searching for immortality. This want is brought about by deep feelings held by Gilgamesh for his dead friend Enkidu. From this, Gilgamesh finds himself being scared of dying. This fear pushes Gilgamesh to search for the power of immortal life, which is believed to be held only by women because of the fact that they can reproduce. This takes him on a long and tiresome journey to a land where no mortal has gone before. The search by Gligamesh is fueled by the desire to play a part in reproduction. His journey begins at Mount Mashu, the mountain which describes a woman in the part that her paps reach down to the underworld. Referring to two womens embraces hanging down. Before he may enter the mountain, he meets two half female, half dragon figures guarding the entrance. They begin asking why he has come No man/ born of woman has done what you have/ asked, no mortal man has ever gone into the/ mountai n. This mountain is off limits to mortal beings, he should non be there Gilgamesh is alloud in and goes through twelve leagues of darkness before he reaches the golden garden of the goddesses. Upon arriving there he is greeted by Shamash, the Sun God, who tells him, You will never find the/ life for which you are searching. This upsets Gilgamesh because he has traveled so far to now just sleep and let the primer cover my head forever? From leaving Shamash, Gilgamesh is sent to see Siduri. Beside the sea she lives, the woman of/ the vine, the maker of wine and she does not want to allow Gilgamesh pass. Gilgamesh pleads with her that since he has seen her do not let him see death. She answers, Gilgamesh, where/ are you hurrying to? You will never find that life for which you are looking. Once again Gilgamesh hears that what he is looking for does not exist. She tells him to enjoy life to its fullest because that is what a man is there for. That does not satisfy Gilgamesh and he wi shes to know where to find Utnapishtim, the only man with eternal life. To find him, Gilgamesh essential locate Urshanabi, the ferry woman. She then proceeds to take him over the Ocean and over the waters of death.

Fashion and Reflexive Advertising Essay -- Alienation Advertisements A

Ads are ubiquitous. Contemporary media-literate audiences know that maven-third of a half-hour sitcom will be commercials, that magazines will contain more ads than articles, and that they will be bombarded with advertisements on the internet. The pervasiveness of ads has created spectators who are increasingly media-literate, cynical, and alienated...and because the number of ads continues to increase (clutter), ad has undermined its do effectiveness by unintentionally negating the ability and the desire of viewers to respond (Goldman and Papson, 83). Advertisers have appropriated this post-modern discourse of alienation, giving it a sign value that they tooshie link up to their product. Alienation consequently haves a means through which advertisers can differentiate their product consumers can claim to distance themselves from consumer goal and individuate themselves by buy the product so advertised (87). It is ironic that spectators who distrust the simulacrum of adverti sing are offered a discourse about the valet of ads as a alleviation for the authenticity (101) that would arguably end their alienation. The print ads examined in this essay reflexively acknowledge and foreground the shallowness of the fashion industry and the commodity culture of which it is an integral part, thereby excusing the products appeal on the grounds of its fashionability. Judith Williamson states one can only understand what advertisements mean by finding out how they mean (Williamson, 42). In different words, one must understand the process of signification through which an ad transfers signs from cultural systems of meaning onto its product. According to semiologist Roland Barthes, this process of signification involves three... ... increasing advertising clutter, consumers have become jaded and alienated. Advertisers have appropriated this widespread cynical media-literacy, employing discourses of alienation from consumer culture and advertising to differentiat e their products. Advertisers offer a reflexive discourse about the world of ads and commodity culture as a substitute for the authenticity that would end consumer alienation. The advertisements discussed in this essay reflexively acknowledge and highlight the frivolity and triviality of the fashion industry, its market techniques, and the consumer culture of which it is an integral part in order to excuse and endorse their products appeal on the grounds of its style. Ironically, this reflexive advertising moves consumers farther and farther past from all sense of authenticity and only increases feelings of alienation and cynicism. Fashion and Reflexive Advertising Essay -- Alienation Advertisements AAds are ubiquitous. Contemporary media-literate audiences know that one-third of a half-hour sitcom will be commercials, that magazines will contain more ads than articles, and that they will be bombarded with advertisements on the internet. The pervasiveness of ads has created spectators who are increasingly media-literate, cynical, and alienated...and because the number of ads continues to increase (clutter), advertising has undermined its own effectiveness by unintentionally negating the ability and the desire of viewers to respond (Goldman and Papson, 83). Advertisers have appropriated this post-modern discourse of alienation, giving it a sign value that they can attach to their product. Alienation consequently becomes a means through which advertisers can differentiate their product consumers can claim to distance themselves from consumer culture and individuate themselves by purchasing the product so advertised (87). It is ironic that spectators who distrust the simulacrum of advertising are offered a discourse about the world of ads as a substitute for the authenticity (101) that would arguably end their alienation. The print ads examined in this essay reflexively acknowledge and foreground the shallowness of the fashion industry and the commodity culture of which it is an integral part, thereby excusing the products appeal on the grounds of its fashionability. Judith Williamson states one can only understand what advertisements mean by finding out how they mean (Williamson, 42). In other words, one must understand the process of signification through which an ad transfers signs from cultural systems of meaning onto its product. According to semiologist Roland Barthes, this process of signification involves three... ... increasing advertising clutter, consumers have become jaded and alienated. Advertisers have appropriated this widespread cynical media-literacy, employing discourses of alienation from consumer culture and advertising to differentiate their products. Advertisers offer a reflexive discourse about the world of ads and commodity culture as a substitute for the authenticity that would end consumer alienation. The advertisements discussed in this essay reflexively acknowledge and highlight the frivolity and triviality of the fashion industry, its marketing techniques, and the consumer culture of which it is an integral part in order to excuse and endorse their products appeal on the grounds of its style. Ironically, this reflexive advertising moves consumers farther and farther away from any sense of authenticity and only increases feelings of alienation and cynicism.

Today is Only the Beginning, My Past is a Complete Mystery :: Personal Narrative Writing

Today is Only the Beginning, My Past is a Complete MysteryIts funny how weeks pass so quickly and so much fills this life I cant remember how one day is different from the next. Lately, a moments peace means a falter of plans. My order is changed. Emotions, actions, events, and things go on around me, and I live through them not know how it was done. Sometimes theres reflection its haunting until tomorrow, and I have no idea what tomorrow is. Strangely, I think of why Im here and wonder who I am behind this faade, this name-looking for a balance and a connection, never knowing where to find it, and nobody else knows both voices talk on the telephone ab break it for hours, or sit there drawing some strange parallels one afternoon. It all ends up somewhere in an unconsciously dreamworld alas the perplaxity in distinguishing truth from reality is plaguing. Thinking of how to connect the two, three, and forty thousand images that fly by me day in and lights out, argus-eyed up and shock hits. All I want to do is do what I want to do, and do what I have to do, and like it, and get something out of it. Never does a thought cross my mind that there may someday be disappointment. And, when the sun rises every morning, more things muddle some judgment and shake my order, catching me by utter surprise. Secret hopes that will one day lead me to whatever i think I am exit to find, lie before me a mystery. Months mesh into one another. I went out into the backyard to look for violets, the small wild ones. My aunt had secretly shown me where they were one day after lunch. I still remember my plaid pants were the same color as the violets, with a solid purple shirt, and my almost white Keds sneakers. We went up into the noggin where she kept her sewing basket, and I picked out what I thought was the prettiest ribbon to tie together my prescious hand-held flowers. It was a frazzled, satin off-whitish with embroidered lace around it. I knew my flowers had to be worthy enough to deserve such a royal bow. So, we had sneaked around the corner of the house to the sunny spot thats where they grew the best. Originally, I had picked the flowers without the stems.

Dissecting a Compound :: essays research papers

I.Identifying an Unkn admit CompoundPurpose/Problem In this lab we had to augur out what our mystery confused was by performing dickens running games. One of the tests was called the fervor Test, which we use to insure out the metal portion in the compound. It is employ to rise up the metal because each metal gives off its own unique ardour color. The other test is called the Precipitate Test, which we use to find out the non-metal cistron in our compound by adding ash grey nitrate to it. Its used to find the non-metal because each non-metal has its own unique reaction to silver nitrate.Conclusion In this lab we had to figure out what our mystery compound was by performing two tests. One of the tests was called the Flame Test, which we use to find out the metal element in the compound. It is used to find the metal because each metal gives off its own unique flame color. The other test is called the Precipitate Test, which we use to find out the non-metal element in our c ompound by adding silver nitrate to it. Its used to find the non-metal because each non-metal has its own unique reaction to silver nitrate.I figured out that my unfamiliar compound is SrNO3 (Strontium process). The metallic ion in this compound is Strontium (Sr). I figured this out in the flame test because I recorded that SrCl2 had an orange-red flame, and thats also the same color flame that my unknown compound had. I knew that Strontium was the metal in that compound since it was give tongue to first in the formula, so I didnt include Chloride. I knew that my non-metallic ion was Nitrate (NO3). I found this out after doing the precipitate test. I tried and true each known compound with silver nitrate as well as my unknown compound and found that it reacted by turning foggy, just kindred Sodium Nitrate. I saw in that formula that Nitrate was the non-metal since it was stated last, so I didnt include Sodium.Dissecting a Compound essays research cover I.Identifying an Unkn own CompoundPurpose/Problem In this lab we had to figure out what our mystery compound was by performing two tests. One of the tests was called the Flame Test, which we use to find out the metal element in the compound. It is used to find the metal because each metal gives off its own unique flame color. The other test is called the Precipitate Test, which we use to find out the non-metal element in our compound by adding silver nitrate to it. Its used to find the non-metal because each non-metal has its own unique reaction to silver nitrate.Conclusion In this lab we had to figure out what our mystery compound was by performing two tests. One of the tests was called the Flame Test, which we use to find out the metal element in the compound. It is used to find the metal because each metal gives off its own unique flame color. The other test is called the Precipitate Test, which we use to find out the non-metal element in our compound by adding silver nitrate to it. Its used to find t he non-metal because each non-metal has its own unique reaction to silver nitrate.I figured out that my unknown compound is SrNO3 (Strontium Nitrate). The metallic ion in this compound is Strontium (Sr). I figured this out in the flame test because I recorded that SrCl2 had an orange-red flame, and thats also the same color flame that my unknown compound had. I knew that Strontium was the metal in that compound since it was said first in the formula, so I didnt include Chloride. I knew that my non-metallic ion was Nitrate (NO3). I found this out after doing the precipitate test. I tested each known compound with silver nitrate as well as my unknown compound and found that it reacted by turning foggy, just like Sodium Nitrate. I saw in that formula that Nitrate was the non-metal since it was stated last, so I didnt include Sodium.

Dog Soldiers :: essays research papers

Dog Soldiers is a flooring laced with despair, paranoia, and several other not so fuzzy irritations, and this quotation mark from the main character elegantly demonstrates this mood. The tone of the book was a point of interest and displeasure for me, since this was one of my depression experiences with total negativity, it was a fun compete for me to understand the point or the necessity of such an angry mood. At the same time it made me very uncomfortable, sometimes to the point where I would create to stop studying for the day. There is a constant stream of action in this story, which makes it rather difficult to process whats going on as it happens. The story rarely drags and it is written so that it feels very real and alive. Slang terms are used often too, which are also hard to understand. But later the first few chapters it seems that most readers are able to get around this and start enjoying the fast paced style in which the book is written. This style also adds to the mood of panic and paranoia that encompass the entire book as Marge, Hicks, and Converse try to flee with their dope. Marge, Hicks, and Converse are the books three main characters, and as the plot follows first Converses activities and then moves back and forth between Hicks and Converse, these two main characters develop into very complicated people. Marges character isnt delved into as much, but it didnt seem to be that she was usually thinking about much besides the next time she could get high. Some of the things Converse and Hicks did or said still baffle me, just interchangeable the characters that are a part of my real life. Because all of the characters are so weak and hurt each other with such frequency and carelessness, I set up it hard to like them, but I liked the fact that not many stories center on people of such violent natures. I had to read Dog

Dog Soldiers :: essays research papers

Dog Soldiers is a story laced with despair, paranoia, and several other not so fuzzy moods, and this quote from the main character elegantly demonstrates this mood. The savour of the maintain was a point of interest and displeasure for me, since this was one of my first experiences with total negativity, it was a fun struggle for me to understand the point or the destiny of such an angry mood. At the same time it made me rattling uncomfortable, sometimes to the point where I would have to stop reading for the day. There is a constant stream of action in this story, which makes it rather difficult to process whats going on as it happens. The story r arly drags and it is written so that it feels very veridical and alive. Slang terms are used often too, which are also hard to understand. But after the first few chapters it seems that most readers are able to get around this and start enjoying the fast paced style in which the book is written. This style also adds to the mood of pan ic and paranoia that encompass the entire book as Marge, Hicks, and Converse try to flee with their dope. Marge, Hicks, and Converse are the books three main characters, and as the plot follows first Converses activities and then moves back and forth mingled with Hicks and Converse, these two main characters develop into very complicated people. Marges character isnt delved into as much, but it didnt seem to be that she was usually thinking about much likewise the next time she could get high. Some of the things Converse and Hicks did or said still baffle me, just like the characters that are a part of my real life. Because all of the characters are so weak and hurt each other with such frequency and carelessness, I found it hard to like them, but I liked the fact that not many stories center on people of such violent natures. I had to read Dog

Administrative Aspect of Special Education Essay

Introduction The Law provides for a free appropriate everyday companionshipal activity (FAPE) of exceptional children by secure the financial support of teachers of picky program line and the ecesis of the program. The administration of break outicular information at the macro take aim is assumed by the government and is univers every last(predicate)y carried out as one of the functions of the plane section of Education (or a similar body). In the Philippines, the De wear outment of Education (DepEd) is the mind government agency responsible for reproduction and manpower development.The Department is primarily in charge of the reflectiontion, planning, instruction execution and coordination of the policies, standards, regulations, plans, programs and projects in beas of formal and non-formal rearing. It provides for the establishment and maintenance of a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the goals of issue development through the human beings train system and it also supervises all basic education institutions cast by the private sector.The legitimate Department structure consists of the Central Office and the field offices which consist of the regional and sub-regional levels. There ar field offices in sixteen regions, each headed by a Regional Director 157 provincial and city initiates divisions, each headed by a School Division Superintendent and 2,227 nurture districts headed by a District Supervisor. name morePerseverance essayThe Special Education Division is lodged at the Bureau of Elementary and performs the following functions formulates policies, plans and programs for the preparation of instructional materials evaluation of programs in fussy education conducts studies and develops standards of programs and services for circumscribed learners plans for prototype in-service education programs to upgrade the competencies of administrators, supervisors, coordinators, teachers as well as the n on- breeding particular education personnel and establishes/strengthens linkages with agencies concerned with the education and well-being of children with picky needs.The Regional Director has the overall responsibility for the administration and supervision of special education at the regional level. The School Superintendent has the over-all responsibility for the administration and supervision of special education at the Division level and is assisted by the Division Supervisor. The District Supervisor supervises the instill principals and other groom administrators at the district level.The administrator of special education is appointed base on qualification standards set by the Department and provided with appropriations from the national funds. The Department also sets up a minimum standard for the qualification of teachers, and establishes the criteria for the selection of pupils for special education. In other countries like the US, education is primarily a State and local responsibility. The U. S. Department of Education is the agency of the federal government that establishes policy for, administers and coordinates most federal assistance to education.The Federal States and communities atomic number 18 responsible for establishing public and private schools and colleges developing curricula conniption requirements for enrollment and graduation determining postulate education standards and developing and implementing testing measures to verify if schools be meeting their education standards. The structure of education finance in America reflects this predominant State and local role. Of an estimated $1.1 trillion being spent nationwide on education at all levels for school family 2009-2010, a substantial majority go away come from State, local, and private sources. The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) is lodged at the U. S. Department of Education and is responsible for monitoring state and local compliance to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) by providing leadinghip and financial support for infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities ages birth through 21 years old.The law (IDEA) aims to go out that all children receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) and special services to assist in meeting their educational needs. IDEA authorizes formula grants to states, and discretionary grants to institutions of higher education and other nonprofit organizations to support search, demonstrations, technical assistance and dissemination, technology and personnel development and pargonnt-training and information centers.These programs are intended to match that the rights of infants, toddlers, children, and youth withdisabilities and their parents are protected. Particularly, the OSEP conducts verification visits to states to review their systems for commonplace supervision, information collection, and state-wide assessment. During these visits, OSEP staff work with state staff to crack compliance and help improve the murder of federal programs. In addition, each state submits an annual murder report that reflects the states actual accomplishments compared to its established objectives. As part of its monitoring, OSEP uses performance data such as graduation and dropout rates to identify low performing states.OSEP staff and OSEP-funded technical assistance centers work in partnership with states to put in place strategies to improve solvings for children with disabilities. At the micro level, the administration of special education is with the school principal. A recent policy thrust of the DepEd in the Philippines is the empowerment of the public school principals where the latter is able to assume more administrative authority and answerableness for improving teaching competencies and pupils achievement.This policy dedicates principals the administrative authority to manage the schools funds for maintenance and other operating expenses raise additional funds for the school through Parent-Teachers and Community Associations design and develop his/her own school improvement program in collaboration with parents and community leaders participate in the selection, recruitment and promotion of teachers plan and develop an innovative curriculum, using the national curriculum as a framework.For the private sector, the school owner together with a Board of Trustees acts as the school administration and defines the direction of the special education program while it is assumed that they follow the guidelines set by the Department of Education to be duly recognized and credited as a teaching institution. But much of the responsibility for the success of an educational program rests in the administration. There may be proven needs, accepted philosophy, qualified personnel, and available facilities and resources save without adequate administration, the entire organization may be one of confusion and misdirection.Programs of special education succeed in direct proportion to the efficiency of the administration. more very much, when special education is introduced into a school system, the administrative plan usually does non install major changes in the existing organization. The responsibility for the program is often given to an Assistant Principal, a Director of Instruction, or or so other administrator who already has many duties. Consequently, the administration of special education program becomes a major problem in the education of exceptional children.The Special Education AdministratorThe term administrator of special education for exceptional children is utilize to record the school official directly in charge of the special education program. Regardless of the title, the job entails organizing the special education program, equipping the structures with adequate classrooms, employing specially learn classroom teachers, ensuring the proper placement of pupils who are not able to attend regular classes because of various handicaps, ensuring that a special academic instruction based on individual differences such as speech correction and any prescribed therapy (speech, hearing, occupational, and physical therapist, etc.).Most of the studies ga on that pointd determine who administers the special education programs ( both(prenominal) in the public and private sector), what their functions are in regard to both administration and special education teachers, how much time they devote to the program, and whether they are administrators or supervisors. Rigsbee (2008) did a research on what makes a good school-based administrator and interviewed teachers, support staff, parents, and assimilators from a number of school communities in North Carolina.The results of the dissect indicate that there are characteristics common across school levels and community demographics such are the principal should be accessible and build a community of caring where students feel at hom e, there is an air of connectedness, sense of teamwork, a family atmosphere, and frequent celebrations so work becomes fun for everyone.Rigsbee (2008) furtherexplained that the administrator must treat the teachers, cafeteria staffs, custodians, and office staff as professionals give the staff a big picture lowstanding of the students needs and let them know that they are valued for the work they are doing for the children. Lastly, Rigsbee (2008) adds that they develop leaders and do not micro-manage they work diligently to ensure that their teachers are equipped to be leaders in the classroom and they distribute leadership as they serve as of the essence(predicate) mentors to assistant administrators and teacher leaders to achieve the vision of the school.Special education administrators play an important role in the education of disabled students. They are responsible for overseeing programs and services for students with larn, physical, behavioral or linguistic dis influences. Additional job duties in the field range from ensuring adherence to federal, state and local special education regulations to helping teachers provide the unique services special education students need.Knowledge and Compliance to the Laws on Special Education. In a piece of work by Saravanabhavan and Pressley (2008) on Preparing Leadership in Special Education, they assessed the school principals in Florida and noted that school principals must name a thorough knowledge of special education practices to ensure that students receive adequate services, and teachers receive pertinent guidance and support for their students to become high academic achievers.Saravanabhavan and Pressley (2008) proposed the need for school and district administrators to be educate not only in the foundations of special education, but also in the legal aspects related to compliance and enforcement of special education services, as well as instructional mannerologies, and student placement, in order to enhance their efficacy in servicing their students.In another study, McMullen (2001) investigated the knowledge of Mississippis high school principals regarding the IDEA Amendments of 1997 in regard to four aspects (a) disciplining students with disabilities, (b) involving parents and students in decision making, (c) adhering to procedural safeguards and placing students in the least restrictive environment, and (d) shaming administrative practice.The study (McMullen, 2001) concludethat although the principals demonstrated some knowledge of the law, they did not appear to have sufficient knowledge to fully implement the Act, thus, proposed for a comprehensive training that will enforce a range shift from the old Public Law 94-142 to the untestedly reauthorized law for a more imperative place toward the provision of services to children with disabilities. It is worth noting the need for administrators of special education program to be aware of their legal obligations to stude nts with disabilities in after-school sportsman and extracurricular activities.Fetter, et. al. (2008) cited that administrators in public schools are undoubtedly familiar with their duties under federal law to serve students with disabilities in the educational program. But only a few know whether students with disabilities are entitled to participate in athletics and other after-school activities, and if so, are not aware of what types of services and accommodations school officials and coaches should provide (Fetter, et. al. , 2008).The authors (Fetter, et.al. , 2008) said that the failure to sufficiently work through these issues leaves school districts under attack(predicate) to costly litigation and in addition to juggling the complicated legal issues related to serving students with disabilities who participate in athletics and extracurricular programs, many administrators are taking aggressive steps to promote healthy school communities by implementing body mass index (BMI) surveillance and screening measurement programs.The study concluded that while these programs offer an innovative approach to encouraging good health, they raise additional issues for busy administrators it is therefore imperative that administrators should be aware of the common traps, and mulish ways to comply with the law (Fetter, et. al. , 2008).The US law, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), stipulates that educational leaders must ensure that special and general educators use scientifically based instructional methodologies like applied behavioral programming, task analysis, direct instruction, and cognitive-behavior modifications in order to address the cognitive needs of the students.The proper implementation of the IDEA or any law for that matter is enforced by leaders who have thorough knowledge of the law and are able to use these toenhance the performance and welfare of their constituents. The IDEA was revised in an effort to clarify the discipline mand ates because it needed to be more consistent in the practices when disciplining students with special needs. However, Principals continue to misinterpret the law or avoid it altogether. As indicated in the studies below, it is apparent that knowledge of the disability laws and how it is put into practice are depended upon each other.In a study to determine the relationship between atomic number 31 elementary school principals knowledge of disability laws and the practices used for disciplining students with special needs as mandated in the IDEA, Claxton (2002) used the individualized Educational Programs (IEP), Behavioral Management Plans (BMP) or Behavioral Intervention Plans (BIP), and Functional Behavioral Assessments (FBA) in the research.The Principals were given the opportunity to provide comments about discipline and the procedures they used for students with special needs. The study also examined various demographics including age, gender, original college degree, administ rative degree level reached, and years of experience in administration in relationship to the knowledge held of disability laws and the practices used by Georgia elementary school principals for disciplining students with special needs ANOVA was used to examine each demographic variable (Claxton, 2002).The results showed that the Georgia elementary school principals used discipline practices in line with the parts of IDEA 1997 with which they were most familiar but it did not indicate any noteworthy difference in the principals knowledge and practice (Claxton, 2002). Because principals or their assistants are responsible for enforcing discipline and are on the front line in terms of student safety, they are often conflicted about how to proceed when a student with a disability needs to be disciplined.Moreover, many principals need to be reminded that they are not the sole arbiter of discipline decisions for students with disabilities. The administrator should make an effort to incl ude families by offering various opportunities for parents, advisory councils, and a multidisciplinary team to take part in varying venues (open house nights, question-and-answer sessions, and frequent communication via phone messages, emails, and publications).In another study conducted by Stephens and Joseph (2001) in the School Study Council of Ohio (SSCO) using an intimate phone survey to assess the knowledge of randomly selected Central Ohio principals, special education administrators, and teachers they were asked to rate their assessment of what level of knowledge principals needed in order to do their jobs effectively.A three-level scale was used (1) no knowledge required (2) a basic, working knowledge required and (3) intimate knowledge required in four basic categories Instruction and Programming, Placement Procedures, Federal and State Laws and Regulations, and Procedural Safeguards (Stephens and Joseph, 2001). The results showed that the perceived roles of principals di ffered when viewed by district level special education personnel and practitioners and these views where all in contrast to the self assessment of the principals (Stephens and Joseph, 2001).The findings elaborated the problems of principals regarding miss of knowledge includes the following the education of the handicapped managing the diversity of students with disabilities mainstreaming and cellular inclusion strategies large-scale assessment and accountability (Stephens and Joseph, 2001). Administrative Competency and Leadership. Lowe & Brigham (2000) stated that numerous special education authorities have cited the importance of the principals ability to be the schools instructional leader.In special education, the principals role as the instructional leader will often determine the efficacy and the quality of special education services. But research and authoritative opinion mainly reveal that principals are not sufficiently knowledgeable about important aspects of the educat ion of students with disabilities. A major explanation as to why they are typically uninformed about special education is that their professional preparation may be inadequate. fit to Lowe & Brigham (2000), most school administrators do not receive sufficient training to supervise the instructional practices used by special educators. In an effort to both validate and consolidate previous work in the sports stadium of hypercritical skills for principals in relationship to special education, St fifty-fiftyson-Jacob, et. al. (2006) asked elementary and middle school principals what they considered to be critical competencies.Information was gathered on the principals background, training, assignments, and specific practices related to administering special education at the building level and it was found that elementary and middle school principals hold on eight critical competencies that principals need (1) managing the education of students in the less restrictive environment (LR E) (2) collaborative teaching strategies (3) the case study approach (4) general/special education procedures (5) parent rights (6) state/federal requirements (7) state/federal statues and (8) recruitment, selection, orientation, and supervision of staff (Stevenson-Jacob, et. al. , 2006).To help administrators increase their awareness and sensitivity with issues that affect their fundamental interaction in the school, Hoy & Miskel (2001) conducted a survey with students with special needs, their teachers, and their parents in the school district.The study concluded that administrators who would like to become more competent with curriculum spoken communication issues must participate fully in the planning processes of the IEP and IFSP because by engaging in this process it signals its importance and administrators gain a more complete agreement of the curricular issues that face parents such as tasks that are too difficult for the child homework assignments that are too long and t hat require prerequisite skills implementation strategies that work and should be continued teachers who are either unwilling or unable to make accommodations for students with special needs (Hoy & Miskel, 2001).The major barrier seems to be lack of opinionated and sustained programs for professional development in special education tailored to the needs of the special education administrator or principal.Therefore, educational leaders must be knowledgeable of the special education placement continuum to ensure that students receive instruction in the environment that will maximize their academic and hearty skills. In order to eliminate increasing challenges and to maximize quality of services provided to children with disabilities, it is vital to prepare school leaders and administrators with sound knowledge based in special education.Course work in the foundations of special education and legal aspects of special education along with advocacy for children with special needs ough t to become a core area in school leadership preparation. The administrator preparation programs should place more emphasis and time on core special education competencies for principals who can effectively lead special education programs in schools.School principals must have the opportunity and the incentive to participate in sustained and systematic special education programs. Attitude toward SPED Programs and Practices. Goddard & Goddard (2000) cited the highly important roles that administrators play in the education and lives of children with disabilities as they evaluated how the administrators are impacting on the betterment of the students with special needs.The result of their study emphasized that administrators can create a temper that supports all students with the awareness of key concepts in special education and important curriculum and environmental considerations that will enhance instruction (Goddard & Goddard, 2000).They (Goddard & Goddard, 2000) further explai ned that issues pertinent to the population of special needs students demand the focused time of concerned and knowledgeable administrators, and as such, will come along the development of programs that will increase accessibility like flexible course schedules, stipends or scholarships to cover costs of tuition, materials, child care, transportation, distance learning and video-conferencing technologies.Another area of special education that principals need to know and understand is the concept of inclusion and what an inclusive philosophy should reflect. The principal is the educational leader of the school, and as such, his or her attitude and philosophy regarding students with special needs sets the tone and is critical for determining how students with disabilities access the general education curriculum.Inclusion has been introduced way back in the 90s and the law has been explicit about the regulations in terms of a continuum of services however, many inexperienced principal s still have difficulty interpreting what this means. Salisbury and McGregors study (2002) of five elementary schools engaged in inclusive practices showed personal attributes similar to those found in the transformational leaders.The transformational leader, according to Salisbury and McGregor (2002) had a greater impact on teacher motivation to perform beyond expectations and the behaviors associated are charisma, inspiration, and consideration of individual teacher needs while they strive to develop shared value and beliefs, meanings, and perpetration to common goals.The study further showed that principals tended to be leaders who shared decision-making power with their staff, extended the core values of inclusiveness and quality to initiatives throughout the school, and actively promoted learning communities and change through collaborative, intentional, and supportive practices (Salisbury and McGregor, 2002).In another study done by Kuaun (2002), which attempted to describe t he profile of the school administrators (age, gender, civil status, educational learning and length of service) and verified any significant difference on the perception of school administrators from regular schools with SPED classes and from SPED schools regarding the inclusion of children with special needs.The researcher employed the descriptive method utilizing a questionnaire which consisted of two parts personal information from 66 respondents and 48 close-ended type of questions about inclusion and administered them to sixty-six (66) school administrators (36 from regular schools with SPED classes and 30 from SPED schools) from 22 (22) schools in Metro Manila (Kuaun, 2002).The findings indicated that majority of the school administrators are female, married, aged 51 to 60, with an educational attainment of Masters degree (from the regular schools with SPED classes) and Masteral units (from special education schools) and that majority from the regular schools with SPED class es have served longer as school administrators than the respondents of special education schools (Kuaun, 2002).Finally, the study concluded that both groups appeared to have a positive perception on inclusion of children with special needs as indicated by a no significant difference on the means scores in their inclusion perceptions (Kuaun, 2002),. This positive outlook towards inclusion was manifested in the study of Causton-Theoharis and Theoharis (2008) they cited that inclusion and the sense of belonging are seen as es displaceial conditions for educating each child.The commitment of the principal under study implemented an inclusive philosophy which meant no self-contained special education classrooms, no resource room pullout programs, no kids sent to other schools (Causton-Theoharis and Theoharis, 2008).All the kids (kids with significant disabilities, kids with autism, kids with serious behavior issues, kids with learning disabilities, kids in wheelchairs, kids who were high flyers, kids who were learning English) needed to be an essential member of the classroom and school community thus, the general education teachers and specialists (special education, English as a second language, reading, etc. ) had to co-plan and co-teach (Causton-Theoharis and Theoharis, 2008).The same staff was used but arranged differently in all aspects of the school which included the after-school programs, reading interventions, the physical arrangement of classrooms and dramatic changes on the playground (Causton-Theoharis and Theoharis, 2008). Because of the special education administrators commitment to educate all their students together, the school under study realized the substantial achievement gained by bringing students with disabilities in the center of the discussion about school reform and in the center of the general education classroom.In another research, the findings of McClean (2007) revealed that many administrators are willing to accept having inclusive s chools and most believed that schools are generally ill- equipped to run inclusive programs. Based on the study McClean (2007) conducted in Barbados, about (20%) twenty percent of the administrators surveyed believed that students with disabilities should be educated in special schools or classrooms only because they shared in the opinion that the inclusion of students with disabilities would retard the progress of students in the general education classroom.While majority of administrators, (80%) eighty percent, wanted to have inclusive programs in their schools but were uncertain how to implement and manage these programs without the appropriate mechanisms for success (McClean, 2007).The study further discussed that the success of inclusion is determined by the principals and the teachers (whether special or regular education) who are committed to providing the necessary support are giving the vital input to make the inclusive process their own and are not threatened or disadvanta ged by the implementation and management of any inclusive programs at their respective schools (McClean 2007). The study concluded that the success of inclusion will ensue by winning the hearts and minds of all stakeholders which include the principals, teachers, parents and students, officials of the Ministry of Education and the wider communities.Abells study (2006) examined the attitudes and factors valued by Kentucky directors of special education (DOSE) who are currently implementing the universal design for learning (UDL) principles within their school districts to further enhance the inclusion of student with special needs. The purpose of the study was to provide sweet information to DOSEs by researching leadership issues and aspects involving district level UDL implementation.Department level professional development and technology implementation issues were also explored. The survey was sent to the 176 respondents and the result found no significant differences in DOSES ge nder, education level, or years of administrative experience in relation to the DOSES own level of educational innovation (Abell, 2006).The study showed that the UDL implementation was found to be significant with regards to district acquisition of curriculum in digital formats and the technology infrastructure to run it but it was not a significant predictor, likewise, there was no significant relationship between DOSEs knowledge of UDL in relation to the size of their district special education population (Abell, 2006).The Universal Design for Learning principles call for curriculum flexibility in relation to content presentation, student expression, and student engagement. UDL is a new approach for teaching, learning, and assessment, that draws on brain research and new media technologies to respond to individual learner differences (Center for Applied Special Technology, 2008).It is important to the field of special education that administrators are open and flexible to various strategies to find the best possible intervention for students with exceptional needs in an inclusive setting. The studies raised important points, because administrators play a pivotal role in setting the climate in schools. School administrators who believed in integration created program options for its promotion while those opposed to it have even sabotaged any efforts. A supportive school climate can also be enhanced when administrators set the occasion for teachers to have mastery experiences with the curriculum and with students progress in the curriculum.Administrators who are knowledgeable about the curricular needs of students with disabilities and how special education and general education curricula intersect will be better fain to face the challenges of educating all students successfully. There are hosts of ways that administrators can become familiar with current and emerging issues in special education.This was validated by Bakken, et. al (2006) in their study Chang ing Roles of Special Education Administrators Impact on Multicultural Learners. Bakken, et. al (2006) mentioned that special education administrators must take active part in the education of their students and they suggested the need to develop and practice highly effective communication skills because they believe that effective partnerships are built on communication.Other important considerations include an awareness of best practices in special education, effective instructional presentation strategies, curricular adaptations that support individual student progress and a kind of evaluation methods. By being student-centered students know when theyre cared about and know when an administrator makes a difference in a school and in their lives. It is perspicuous that supporting students with special learning needs is more successful when the principals attitude is positive and sympathetic.At the same time it must be recognized that a great deal of effort and time go into build ing a successful service delivery of special education programs. It takes a strong instructional leader to ensure that all children are able to succeed and achieve in class.It takes a strong instructional leader to ensure that all children and their teachers receive the supports and services they need to learn and develop. It also takes a strong instructional leader to create a positive learning climate that embodies a unifying philosophy of respect for all children and stakeholders in the total school community. Problems encountered.Tate (2009) conducted a survey of 108 special education administrators in North Carolina in order to identify their characteristics (which included licensure, teaching experience, LEA information, and personal demographics) and factors that contribute to their staying or leaving the field using two open-ended questions that addressed the least and most satisfying.

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Canada Essay

You know the world is off tilt when the beat out rapper is a white guy (Eminem), the best golfer is a black guy (Tiger Woods), the t altogetherest basketball player is Chinese (Yao Ming, 76) and Germany doesnt want to go to war (in Iraq). Charles Barkley stated in a 2003 interview, pointing out various misconceptions with stereo typecasts. A stereotype is defined by dictionary. com as something conforming to a fixed or general pattern especially an often oversimplified or biased mental picture held to characterize the typical individual of a group.I have a bun in the oven commonly heard stereotypes such(prenominal) as the French are good cooks, Italians are great lovers, and the Irish are lazy or comments make like dumb jock, lazy mantle Bretoner, or that women are not strong The list could go on endlessly as there appears to be stereotypes take ining people of all expedites, religions, sexes and ethnic groups, etcetera. Stereotypes ignore be either positive or negative. Most s tereotypes tend to make us feel superior in some way to the person or group being stereotyped. Stereotypes ignore the uniqueness of individuals by painting all members of a group with the same brush.Throughout the course of this paper I object to discuss some racial and ethnic issues in Canada. Where some of these issues originated from, what we can personally do to help eliminate discrimination in the cogitationplace and what the regimen is doing to try to combat such discrimination. Let me first begin by defining discrimination, racism and ethnicity since these terms are all important terms to get a line before going into further discussion. To discriminate is simply defined by yourdictionary. com as To make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit show preference or bias. Therefore, discrimination occurs when a person is not treated equally because of their gender, race, religion, ethnic origin, nationality, sexual orientation, or ag e. Yourdictionary. com defines racism as The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Discrimination or prejudice based on race. In other words, when an individual or group is treated unfairly or abused because of their skin color or racial heritage they are victims of racism. Ethnic, as defined by yourdictionary.Com is Of or relating to a sizable group of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. B. Being a member of a particular ethnic group, especially belonging to a national group by heritage or culture but residing extraneous its national boundaries. With that being said, it is my belief that stereotypes and ignorance about others most often lead to discriminatory behavior both inside and outside the workplace. I have heard Canada described as a multicultural nation meaning that Canadians are not of any one cultural background, race or heritage.For all Canadians, including Aboriginal People, this multicultural diversity can be traced to an immigrant past. This does not mean that the majority of todays Canadians are immigrants but quite that the majority of Canadians have in their past, perhaps many generations ago, a family member who migrated here from another country. That is why many of us have a complicated ancestry, for example Irish, Scottish, Ukrainian, French and Aboriginal, and the list can go on. Canadas Aboriginal People were the first to immigrate, and settle across the continent, tens of thousands of years before European settlers. afterward the European settlers came the French, followed by the English, Scots and Irish formulating Canada into the diverse country it is today. In the years before the American Civil War, thousands of black slaves escaped slavery in the United States by following the Underground Railway north to Canada. Then, at the turn of the century, American farmers locomote nort hward into the Canadian prairies to develop farm lands. Although Canada before consisted of a wide variety of immigrants, some people were not as welcome in the country as others and were therefore not treated equally.Those who were of diametrical race, color, or religion then the majority of Canadians were labeled as foreigners. The use of the term foreigner held many connotations for example, different, strange or inferior and many at the time wanted to see the foreigners assimilate to fit into Canadian companionship. There are many events in Canadas past that has contributed to the racism and discrimination in Canada today for example, the disregard and unfair treatment of Aboriginal Peoples by Europeans who settled here.Even though a vast majority of African-Americans moved to Canada to avoid slavery, from early in the 1600s until 1834 there was a recorded 4092 slaves throughout the country, mostly living in Quebec . The Asiatic Exclusion League, which originated in atomic n umber 20 in 1905 as an anti-Oriental movement, moved north into Vancouver in 1907. The league was the main instigator in anti-Asian riots in the city since their main goal was to have all Chinese and Japanese immigrants removed from North America out of fear that they were taking jobs away from Whites .It also appears that throughout history the acceptance of immigrants in Canada greatly depended upon the economic state of the country at that time. During the Great Depression of the 1930s immigrants seeking jobs were unwelcome and overlooked for employment. Although the Government of Canada has made many advances in geological fault the barriers that Aboriginal People, immigrants and minorities face in the country immigrants today still face a number of problems when move to enter the labor grocery store, for example ? Non-recognition of international documentation and work experience ? Lack of Canadian work experience ?Inability to communicate in English or French ?Insufficient labor market information prior to immigrating to Canada I have traveled to some of the major cities in Canada and was a little surprised by the degree of segregation that is homely in these cities. By this, I mean that these larger cities, like Toronto and Vancouver, have communities which are almost completely independent from the rest of the country. These independent communities that I saw, of Chinese or Italian people, seemed to have everything they needed to survive within the community including their own schools.I could not help but wonder what effect this type of segregation has on the country. I respect the fact that all people are trying to protect their identity. At the same time, by choosing to live in Canada, shouldnt they try to integrate into the country a little more while still preserving their identities? Shouldnt they try to assimilate? How can Canada thrive as a country with so very much segregation? We need to become a unified country. Not such a historical t hought pattern, I guessIt is people who have attitudes like mine that are causing problems in the country or do all people have these thoughts and ingest not to admit it. I have similar negative feelings about scholarships being available only to certain people or government financing for certain people to attend university because they are a minority. I understand that differential treatment is required in order for equality to become a possibility. However, I still feel a degree of resentment about these programs being offered when I have to borrow money in an labor to father my university degree.Will this resentment evolve? When I hold a management position in the future, will I discriminate against a person because he or she doesnt have a huge student loan to pay and another does? It is cases like mine that causes racism to continue in society and the workplace today? With the announcement of Nova Scotias plan to increase immigration into the province came an increase in the racist comments I have heard. Since I work in bars I hear, and partake in, a great deal of conversation. When people are drinking they tend to be even more presumable to say things they normally wouldnt.That is why I have heard, at times, some very racist remarks. People have said that the government should be trying to retain people in the province that are born here before they bring foreigners here. They need to take care of their own first It is because of these comments and feelings that I am doubtful that discrimination against people, because of their race or color, will ever be completely eliminated in the country. How do we achieve equality with so much differentiation? How do we check or personal opinions at the door when we go to work?Since it is impossible to eliminate racism and discrimination entirely in society, we need to do as much as possible to eliminate it in the workplace. We need to make changes similar to the changes companies have made in an effort to comba t discrimination against people because of their religion. For example, adapting zero tolerance rules, providing more education for employees, human resource departments need to provide more opportunities for people of minorities, immigrants, and Aboriginal Peoples and barriers have to be removed for all these people who are trying to enter our labor market.March 21, 2005 is International Day for Elimination of Racial Discrimination a day to remember the struggles and challenges that Aboriginal peoples and people of color have endured. It is also a time to recognize and applaud the fact that members of these two communities have made anti-racism struggles a significant part of labors agenda. Lets respect this day and try to make some positive changes at home, school, or work toward eliminating racism.

Classic Airlines Marketing Concepts

Classic Air puffs Classic Airlines is facing many monumental challenges. The key word is monumental as immediate incoming decisions will determine the fate of Classic Airlines in terms of surviving in the airline industry, filing for bankruptcy, or bought out by the competition. Classic Airlines is at a fork in the road. As the airline industry sh ars the pain with rising costs, particularly in fuel and labor, Classic Airlines is struggling internally. They are eject in regard to client retention, which is decreasing by approximately 20%.Classic has one of the highest labor costs per seat-mile as they pay top salaries to pilots and other employees, til now while competitors are cutting in those professions. To counter any further financial crisis, the board of directors recently mandated a 15% across-the-board cost reduction over the next 18 months. The deepest wound to keep from hemorrhaging is the internal strife between Senior Management. The entire management group inevitabl y to work cohesively and closely before the society flat lines.How will Classic Airlines find a way to survive these pressures? First and foremost, Senior Management at Classic Airlines needs to embrace the selling concept. According to Kotler and Keller (2006), the marketing function needs to be seen as one of several equally important functions in a check-and-balance kinship (p. 16). As seen with Amanda Miller, CEO of Classic Airlines is described as, Her pragmatic approach to operational excellence often leaves her little patience for soft business disciplines such as marketing. This does not sound good and to make matters worse, Catherine Simpson, who is CFO is described as, Catherine is driven by numbers, and her practical philosophies about business are frequently in line with Amandas. This says potential disaster in flashing lights. Luckily, Classic Airlines is showing some glimmers of hope with other department heads. Kevin Boyle, who is Chief Marketing Officer, believe s that marketing is critical to the companys ability to move forward profitably.Renee Epson, who is Senior Vice President of Customer Service, is described as, As the top managements view of guest service be commences more operations-based, Renee has frequently found herself battling for the customer. John Hartman, Senior Vice President of Human Resources, believes frontline employees represent the organizations face to the customer and are critical to customer service and marketing effectiveness. These three individuals sound like the bright, shiny stars of the company. The second outline that would be helpful to Classic Airlines to boost excess revenue is a marketing concept called strategic alliance.Strategic alliance allows a company to form an alliance with domestic or multinational companies that complement or leverage their capabilities and resources to obtain greater sales impact at less cost (Kotler and Keller, p. 57, 2006). In the case of Classic Airlines, it would be i n their best spare-time activity to form an alliance with the top Latin American airline as Kevin and Josef are trying to negotiate. It looks like Classic Airlines is already engaging in this strategy with their frequent flier program as a member can earn miles and take advantage of hotel stays or car rentals with partnering companies.With the Classic Airlines scenario, Kevin Boyle has notes from customer conversations. This is an example of collecting marketing research. According to Kotler and Keller (2007), marketing research is defined as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company (p. 42). In the case of Classic Airlines, the leaders of the company need to discover why the customers are unhappy and shopping elsewhere. expiry The vitality of Classic Airlines resides with the decisions and attitudes of Senior Management.Classic Airlines has talented, intelligent, decision makers th at can pull the airline through the tough times. Profit maximization and shareholder wealth will come from executing sound marketing practices as discussed. If those goals can be achieved, Classic Airlines could rise to be an industry leader. References Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. (2007). A Framework for marketing management (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from The University of capital of Arizona eBook Collection database. Kotler, P. , & Keller, K. (2006). Marketing management (12th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Elements of Small Business Environment

THE ELEMENT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS environment Entrepreneurship Individual Assignment THE ELEMENT OF THE SMALL BUSINESS purlieu Entrepreneurship Individual Assignment NGUYEN THAI HA B0074 BA505 ETR401 LECTURER MR. NGHIAHT NGUYEN THAI HA B0074 BA505 ETR401 LECTURER MR. NGHIAHT CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION of ENVIRONMENT II. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT III. external ENVIRONMENT 1. Task environs 2. General environment IV. CONCLUSION V. PREFERENCES I. INTRODUCTIONIn order to start up or become effective, each new and current companies have to drop a number of elements within the environment to gauge the path by which they ought to steer. So what is environment? Environment is the sum total of forces outside of the entrepreneur and the trustworthy According to BRIE, the entrepreneur have to create a Boundary within the environment, setting libertine apart from the rest of the environment. The Resources, says, knowledge, money atomic number 18 pull together from the environment. It is a lso at the core of Exchange because Exchange is the firm/entrepreneur dealing with the atmosphere buying, selling, trading, and so forthSimilar article KFC Macro EnvironmentIn short, a firms operation activities always involves with environment or environmental factors. Its divided into 2 elements Internal and External Environment. The Task & the General Environment are subset of External Environment. II. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT In accordance with the definition of Internal environment in the text book, Internal environment are the people & groups within the boundary of firm, including the owners, managers, employees, and board members of the firm. Understanding the Internal context is essential to confirm that the risk assessment approach meets the needs of the firm and of its owner.It is the environment in which the firm lock aways to pass on its objectives and which can be influenced by the firm to manage risk. The internal context is ensureed having more factors than just all me mbers involved * Internal stakeholders owners, managers, etc. * The policies, vision, mission and strategic plan in place to achieve them Vision and mission are vitally important to a bank line because of the direction, guidance and purposes, flush inspiration they give to both employees and entrepreneurs. * Perceptions, value and finis Culture factor inside the firm can make or break the bloodline.At best, the corporate nuance can be a competitive advantage at worst, it can be a significant drag on business results. Companies with an adaptive culture that is aligned to their business goals routinely outperform their competitors. Some studies report the difference at 200% or more. Mostly, it is the owner, entrepreneur who shape business culture. The leadership who are able to shape their culture have a strong understanding that creating thriving, high-performance culture aligned with their companys mission, vision and set is vital dodging for success.HP (Hewlett Packard) cop ed with some problems few years ago and was forced to change its culture. Each staff has to point out their own personalized and professional objectives for a year and are encouraged, supported to meet the goals. After the change, HP no longer loss in productivity despite shorter workings while and increase in staff retention rate. * The capabilities in term of resources & knowledge people, physical assets, technologies, etc. * Standards and reference models in system, enterprise, software engineering * Structures governance, roles, etc.III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A business has to interact to what happen outside internal environment to fulfill Exchange in BRIE model. It is External environment surrounding the business operations and the internal environment of business. External environment may include Task Environment which can be called Micro Environment and General Environment or Macro Environment. 1. Task Environment Micro Environment a. Element of Task Environment The microe nvironment is made from components that are close to the company and directly partake the business.For examples * Publics group can have anactual or potential interest in or impact on anorganizations ability to achieve its objectives. Publics canbe * Media publics carry news, features, and editorial opinion * Local publics neighborhood residents and community organizations. * Customers Company must study its customer food markets closely since each markethas its own special characteristics. Customers can be B2C, B2B or B2G * Suppliers Provide the resources or input needed for the business to produce goods and services that play key roles in value delivery system for customers.Suppliers can leave huge impact on business due to supply shortage or the bargaining great power of suppliers * Competitors A company has to face with wide range of competitors and secures its strategic competitive advantages over competitors by technologies or selling point of the products or wipes out the marketplace. .. Walmart effort will serve as an example. Walmarts Micro environment would be very much focused on immediate local issues, local public. It would consider how to recruit, retain and extend products and services to customers.Walmart should pay close attention to the actions and reactions of direct competitors local markets, etc. Walmart would build and nurture close relationships with key suppliers for pricing factors and time of delivery. b. Porter five forces Task environment elements also appear in Porter five forces which is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. It derives five important forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore, the attractiveness of a market. 5 typical factors have direct impact on the business. . General Environment Macro Environment The General Environment can be described by PESTEL model. It refers to all forces that are part of society, affect business and micro environment. * government al factors include * Governments stability * Social policies welfare, etc. * Trade regulation EU & WTO, etc. * The Government set the laws, regulations and policies that can promote or limit the individuals and organizations in a society * Economic factors * Economic growth * Unemployment rate * Interest rate Economic factor can effect acquire power and spending patterns. Element like interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the export and import goods in an economy. * Social factors * Demographics Demographics studies population patterns sizes, age, sex, occupation, ethnicity, etc. Those patterns are investigated for companies to change various strategies to adapt to these kindly trends, much(prenominal) as recruiting staff or design suitable products for each segmentLet take an example of age changing structure in US * Generation Y born 1980 1995 - technology wise, optimistic, confident, sociable, flexible and changing in its fashion, style consciousness * Generation Z born after 1995 - life with internet, phones, communicate through social media rather than personally meeting * Technological factors R&D, automation, etc. This factor can affect cost, quality and lead to innovation of a business. * Environmental Eco factors Climate, sinew consumption, waste disposal, etc.Awareness of the potential impacts of climate change affects how companies operate and the products/services they offer. There is a strong connection between a healthy economy and a healthy environment. Business should build environmental sustainable strategies for a life-long span. * Legal factors Antitrust law, consumer law, employment law, etc. Legal factors can shape the way companies operate and interact with employees, customers, etc. IV. CONCLUSION In summary, elements from environment have undeniable vital impacts on the business.Therefore, entrepreneur should be prepared carefully with full examine informa tion from those elements to help their business be able to survive and develop. V. REFERENCE Jerome A. Katz, Richard P. Green II. Ed. 2011. Entrepreneurial Small Business. 3rd Edition. China The McGraw Hill. Jerome A. Katz, Richard P. Green II. 2011. The element of the undersized business environment. China The McGraw Hill. Ch. 2. numeral 1. Jerome A. Katz, Richard P. Green II, 2011. Four elements needed to get your business started. Entrepreneurial Small Business Figure 2. Jerome A. Katz, Richard P. Green II, 2011.The organizations environment. Entrepreneurial Small Business Figure 3. The planning context environmental scan. Available at http//www. publicsafety. gc. ca/prg/em/emp/emp-2010-11-eng. aspx accessed on 20 March 2012 Figure 5. Michael Porters 5 forces model. Available at http//business-fundas. com/2011/michael-porters-5-forces-model/ accessed on 20 March 2012 Figure 6 Pestel analysis. Available at http//pmmagsmartech. blogspot. com/2011/10/pestel-analysis. html accessed on 20 March 2012 Culture Shaping e-journal. Available at http//www. senndelaney. com/cultureshaping. tml access on 20 March 2012 Company culture e-journal. Available at http//management. about. com/cs/generalmanagement/a/companyculture. htm access on 20 March 2012 Emergency Management Planning Guide 2010-2011 e-journal. Available at http//www. publicsafety. gc. ca/prg/em/emp/emp-2010-11-eng. aspx access on 20 March 2012 trade Micro and Macro Environment e-journal. Available at http//www. scribd. com/doc/22543929/Marketing-Micro-and-Macro-Environment access on 20 March 2012 Porter five forces analysis e-journal. Available at http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis access on 20 March 2012 Veterans, Baby Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, Gen Z e-journal. Available at http//suite101. com/article/veterans-baby-boomers-gen-x-gen-y-and-gen-z-a185353 access on 20 March 2012 What is PESTEL framework? e-journal. Available at http//www. businessmate. org/Article. php? ArtikelId=16 acce ss on 20 March 2012 PEST analysis e-journal. Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PEST_analysis access on 20 March 2012 Market environment e-journal. Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Market_environment access on 20 March 2012

Customer Defection

MKT 711 9/4/2012 1. The purpose of the study dealt with customer defection. It talks about how the customers are slowly not becoming as doglike as they use to be. They seen a pattern after five years, the customer does not stay true-blue to the company. There are several(predicate) stages of the process of losing loyal customers and keeping them. Loyalty and gets, the more the customer is worth the more profits come out of it because the longer the customer stays. Failure, the employee limiting the instructive steps on their own and leaving.Core customers, this is hard to determine but the best way to determine it is to ask who the most loyal and most profitable to you? 2. I think the word represents a conceptual study. The author uses a general research and experiences from other people an businesses to back up his points. There are some numbers presumptuousness but I feel like there needs to be a lot more numbers to declare it as a decimal study. The author uses examples li ke Lexus and baseball players to back up his case about the customer fealty. When dealing with Lexus, they asked every member of their head quarters staff to discourse four customers a month.The article also talked about baseball players and their batting average outs. Someone who bats . 280 compared to someone who bats . 320 is a big difference in the players. Even though it is only . 4 away it still tells how the player does in the batting line up. The article uses examples like these in two different situations to pose the difference in how everyone does things differently to show their customer base and how loyal they are. Even though they talked about baseball players they showed the popularity of the player because of their batting average number.This would also athletic supporter by understanding the cash flow and products. 3. The researchers found that the key to customer loyalty is the creation of repute. The value that the customer needs the employer to help them wit h their profits or money. The key to value creation is organizational learner. Without the value creation and organizational learner then(prenominal) the customer does not know what to do with the profit or where to put it. The customer only learns throughout the process with the company until they become knowledgeable to do it on their own. 4. Implications for future research would be to do a more quantitative study.This way they can mesh together the concepts of the research and the new quantitative numbers in order to show the CEOs and companies why they should follow the plan and this is what needs to be done to become successful with keeping their customers. Once that process is done they then can expand that to become more qualitative. Then they will have answers from every angle, from concepts to numbers and the quality of the situation. 5. Marketing as we know it deals with identifying and meeting bombinate and social needs. In a short definition meeting needs profitably.T he findings in the article helped pertain to Marketing because when worrying about the value of the customer and their certainty of the value of creation. Marketing is all about getting the name out there and making it profitable. Without the loyal customers then the product/profit is not marketable and will not make money. When establishing the relationship between the customer and employer/employee is when more successful opportunities from within the company. When losing customers, then the company doesnt learn to try and build their relationship in other ways.I agree with the finding of the article and the conceptual study they are going for. I feel that it would be better to explain the article in a quantitative study to show the numbers of the project. Using Lexus and interviewing four customers a month is a proficient example. Just have to go more in depth of what the customer thinks. Another example with the baseball players batting averages. Use their averages and their sa laries to show about loyalty and popularity of how the player plays. The article was good in showing loyalty and customer failure through the article, and gave good examples while still getting to the root causes of the business.

Nutrition and Fitness Paper

First step to a healthier new me would be to change my current fittingness habit, which is not much other than teaching dance and tossing to adding more activity to my cal displacear week without losing sleep. After looking at what my current fitness bite is teaching two and half hours of dance a week and walking a week for two and half hours I noticed I mandatory to add more activity to my week. Within that first step is to set a goal of how much time is ask to be achieved a week and how much time is available to achieve that goal. K in a flash at least thirty minutes every day is a salutary goal of activity.So adding at least 1 hour a week of an activity Is what I wishing to do. So adding WI Dance Routine twice a week for one hour will help out and give me an extra amount to achieve the goal and go above and beyond the goal. Second step is to ameliorate the area of maintenance, I eat the three meals a day and I level(p) snack a bit for the extra energy kick needed for th e day. But nutritional habits are a lot like fitness habits, it focuses on consume right and exercising right. Habits are created to improve or even decrease who we are.So creating a healthy habit is essential to achieve the goal set in front of us. Poor nutrition sess lead to obesity which can lead to medical problems in years to come. A normal familys lifestyle can result to unhealthy eating habits with stops at fast-flying food chains. Families need that cooking time together to eat In a healthier way and create positive habits among the parents and the children. I know my eating habits still to this day are affected by my eating habits as a child. My mother treated day and night and my dad also worked long eld and some(prenominal)time nights.So dinner was to a none cooked meal, sometimes It was McDonalds or pizza. So now Tanat I work more than the average forty hour work week, I sometimes slip and eat that fast food because it is there and easy. Knowing that I know I need to guide the changes to change my heavy(p) habits. Fitting healthy habits into a hectic life is not easy but following a few steps to get more nutrition and fitness in a hectic life is necessary for any person who wants to rush their fifth birthday. Here are a few things that can be put into play right now that can make healthy habits an easy part of the day to day routine.Areas that I have started to make improvements in my own health is in red and highlighted to show how little steps can make big steps later in life. Guarani Ph. D (n. D. ) 1. Drink water throughout the day (doing my best currently) 2. Cut back on the amount of soda and coffee drank in the day (already made some cut backs) 3. Replace high sugar foods with low sugar versions 4. Stock up on healthy, portable snacks (eating better snacks during my day) 5. Take the time to plan healthy meals for the week 6. Purchase frozen, ready to cook ingredients 7. Pack your lunch the night forwards 8.Cook double batches of wha t your cooking 9. Give yourself some slack 10. Fit in exercise as much as you can (trying to add more fitness in during a busy work week) 11. Take a walk break during the day (getting up at work and Just walking around the office to stretch) 12. Whenever possible, walk (parking further in parking lots when I can to increase walking) 13. Get enough sleep (trying for more than six hours, tough but trying) Now going through this list I distinguish many areas I can do to improve my health and I also see those ways can help improve my fitness levels and my reach level at the same time too.By adding some or all of these new healthy habits into my lifestyle today, it can improve the way I belief in no time at all. Making small steps for me can help promote a new look on my system of weights management and by doing that it will give me more energy during the day to increase my fitness plan for adding more fitness to my week. Those new habits would help fall down the old habits that hav e been taught or created over the years by my parents poor habits. My mother and her mother were not small people and I dont want that character reference of life. They were not obese people but they were not healthy either, obesity is not Just being overweight.obesity can lead to medical problems beyond weight. Obesity can lead to heart conditions, leg problems, back problems, and even mental problems. This is onto life I want and I want to make the changes now to begin with it changes me. While reading the New York Times today, I came across this article that the government tells people how to eat better is to eat less. The latest nutrition guidelines released Monday by the federal government reiterates of the advice from previous years eat less salt and saturated fats, eat more fruits and vegetables and hole grains (Martin, 2011, Para. ). With this information they tell us by eating the Dad we wall never lose ten welling Just Keep It on, unless you cut Deck Ana eat some more of the better. At the end of the article the writer states it simple Cut back on the cheese, hamburgers, pizza, cookies and pastries (Martin, 2011, Para. 23). So Just cutting back can change your life. Conclusion Like kids, adults need to make the right food choices to be healthy and must exercise to be healthy. Even in a busy lifestyle they need to make the correct choices f they, plan to live pas the age of fifty years old.My family created poor habits for myself and my brother and both of us noticed the problem and knew it had to change now rather than later. More adults are battling obesity today more than ever and that is because of the busy lifestyle we all lead. By making the changes now as adolescent adults or adults in their mid thirties they can learn how to eat properly and exercise, better to make it to fifty years old healthier than they could of before the changes. Adults must exercise as much as they can, even with a busy lifestyle.

Painting Compare & Contrast Essay

In the painting, Brooklyn Bridge by Joseph Stella and the photo Brooklyn Bridge by Walker Evans a similitude of the two chaste figures, colors utilized, perception, painting verses film, and the supposition each creates reveals that the oil on canvas that Joseph Stella is the more interesting presentation of the Brooklyn Bridge. The two artists portray the same(p) subject in two totally different ways that change the mind and artistic finding of their audiences.The painting and the film depict the same straddle with different artistic views. The painting by Joseph Stella workouts an assortment of colors while the film by Walker Evans is black and white. The film depicts a more living representation of the Brooklyn Bridge, while the painting embodies a more creative aspect of the Brooklyn Bridge. The colors Stella chose to use are a variety of different shades of blue, green, yellow, white, black, purple, and red. magical spell using colors, the artist has the ability to create an entirely imaginative illustration of their focus. When Evans chose to use a black and white Gelatin silver print word picture of the Brooklyn Bridge, he restricted his ability to create an artistic view of it because he is only able to capture exactly what is seen through the lens of the camera. Evans was able to be creative by the choice of using black and white.The colors used in the film by Evans and the painting by Stella also create the mood of their audience. Stella uses vibrant and bright colors, which set an exciting and happy mood for the individual who is looking at it. When using bright colors, Stella was able to captivate her audience and collapse them feel welcome and blissful. Whenever eyes see something bright and colorful, a persons mood can change in such a confirmatory way. The vibrant colors chosen gave the audience the ability to see the Brooklyn Bridge in such a positivelight. Evans chose to use black and white, which creates a tiresome and dark mood for an audience. Black and white photos have the tendency to alter the audiences mood and turn for the negative. When looking at Evans film of the Brooklyn Bridge, it appears to be dark, gloomy, and sad looking. The black and white colors chosen give dispatch such negative vibes and can make an audience never indispensableness to visit the Brooklyn Bridge because of the mood it illustrates.Perspective plays a major role in an artists demonstration of their focus and their ability to show off their skills. The use of the worms view gives a different perspective of the same subject because of the placement and angle that comes from such. Stellas use of the worms eye view gives the audience an asymmetrical and distinctive perspective of the Brooklyn Bridge that one would usually not see if they were to look at other images of such. Evans use of the birds eye perspective tends to take away from the creativity of the image because if they were to go visit the Brooklyn Bridge in person, th ey would not see that same view.Perspective is bouncy because it tends to give the audience a different angle method and also gives the audience a chance to fathom while viewing the artwork. The difference in perspectives in this instance, create two diverse interpretations of the bridge. The birds eye view Evans chose to use constructs the height and distance in a non-realistic manner, generating a impertinent viewpoint. The worms eye view in Stellas painting provides the audience a realistic vision of the size of the bridge by exhibiting length and height at a particular angle.In the painting, Brooklyn Bridge by Joseph Stella and the photo Brooklyn Bridge by Walker Evans a comparison of the two artistic figures, colors utilized, perception, painting verses film, and the mood each creates reveals that the oil on canvas that Joseph Stella is the more interesting presentation of the Brooklyn Bridge. The two artists portray the same subject in two totally different ways that change the mind and artistic finding of their audiences. The artists were completely different in the ideas and effects used to depict the Brooklyn Bridge. They were both(prenominal) able to show their skills and artistic ability. Evans symmetrical, black and white,life like film, and Stellas vibrant bright colors, asymmetric painting were great depictions of the same Brooklyn Bridge.Work CitedEvans, Walker. Brooklyn Bridge, juvenile York, 1929. Picturing America. Ed. Meredith Hindley. Washington National Endowment for the Humanities, 2008. 69. Print. Stella, Joseph. Brooklyn Bridge. Picturing America. Ed. Meredith Hindley.Washington National Endowment for the Humanities, 2008. 69. Print.

Community Colleges Essay

Does everyone that attends community colleges know the role of them? Most commonwealth dont know the achievement gaps or knows the importance of them. Many teens today be so excited about attending college the last decision on their mind is commuting. This is because more or little argon diligent for the dorm life, freedom, and partying. Education does cross their mind, but other quantify it isnt until the hard work kicks in. This in any case goes for charter takes. pursue schools and community colleges are very beneficial and armed serviceful. The two are very similar when it comes to academic reasons.Today many pile work hard to close achievements gaps for people coming from heights and low income families who want a better education. Many people face obstacles due to family income. Whether its last or low income, children fight for available educational opportunities. Everyone deserves a chance at beingness roaring and achieving goals. It is said to be that people living in poverty wont feed the uniform benefits as others living on the b unspoileder side. People that live on the brighter side occupy easier chances at compensateting successful.This refers back to school system, and how education is involved. (1st link) The education law center stated that the Christie administration has been miserable too slow. It is suggested that they build more schools for children in struggling cities. Recently, the state of Department of Education failed to move as quickly as they should, now there are many different ranges of requests for many school repairs and organise other things in some of the poorest cities. Charter schools are very different from schools such as privy and public schools.In Newark, children are grouped by ages consisting children five and younger that live in poverty. Schools are trying to help these children. Charter schools are private schools that give everyone a chance. For example, in the book Outliers, KIPP was a middl e school that Marita attended. KIPP was a middle school that has a high standard of academic digest and achievement. The success of this school is continuous with its low-income students. These students end up going to college in overwhelming numbers.(2ndlink) Gladwell has questions children being tending(p) the opportunity of getting too much schooling. (book) Gladwell compares that theory to agriculture. Rice paddies are planted multiple times a year and they follow a steady schedule. In other countries, students attend school for boundless numbers of days. KIPP is introduced to the comparable strategy for their students. They attend school from 7a. m until 7p. m. Even on Saturdays and in the spend they are in school learning. Marita lived in poverty and decided to change her cultural legacy by attending KIPP to better herself.Most if non all of her time is spent going to school and doing homework. This allows Marita to get out of poverty. Her grade level increases tremendou sly. More than half of the students will graduate, including being the first to do so. (book) Charter schools focus their studies on the children. Compared to community colleges, time is spent on the people more. Universities and public schools do not receive the same attention. New Jerseys high school students receive less alike(p) test base on their education system. This made charter schools easier to open.Christopher Cerf, an education commissioner, considers the state options on allowing students who regard standardized testing to get into colleges to be substituted for high school proficiency test. Also, he feels that the community college hex exam and high school test be the same. He believes in this so the test could be based on individual subjects. Cerf is trying a new system where a charter piece of ass be in Elizabeth, but children in Newark can attend. Community colleges try to close this gap by allowing the opportunity for anyone to attend.Professors interact with students more at community colleges. For community colleges do not have to have any special talents, income, or anything to attend a community college. People fail to realize they have many benefits attending these schools. These colleges arent for anyone of a specific age. Everyone is treated equally. The gaps are being closed because you are worked with unlike other school where youre more independent. For example, in Outliers, the University of Michigan only enrolled 10% of minorities main course chance, when their chance was just as good as the whites.Also, Christopher Logan dropped out of Montana State because the professor showed no interest in helping him. Charter schools close these gaps by allowing them to learn equally but based on a higher level than the same grades as public schools. Christie wants to replace many of the school contract performances and set specific standards. Focusing more on test results than regulatory compliance. (4th link). In the cities with the m ost poverty, children fail because they havent had anything new. The Urban Hope Act will allow private nonprofit to build new schools in Camden, Trenton, and Newark.This will only happen if they can prove experience in education. No state or other public bond dollars will be used on these schools. They will receive 5% less per student state funding than regular district schools. They do plan on promising to do much better with less. (link 5) In conclusion, enough work is being provided. It doesnt have to always involve money. The financial issues are slowly but surely interpreted care of. Attention wise, these bridges are being close with enough time and patience to help children learn in charter schools and others in community colleges.Government needs to expand to allow everyone the same opportunity, instead of allowing high incomed people have certain opportunities and advantages rather than others. It is said that prodigies have a less creative mind than a student with a lower IQ. It is not true that certain people need to be smart enough to succeed in the real world. Hard work, dedication and the right education gives low incomed people the same advantage as everyone else. http//weblib. ucc. edu2188/iw-search/we/InfoWeb? p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=1449450EEA63BEE0&p_docnum=4&p_queryname=2.http//weblib. ucc. edu2188/iw-search/we/InfoWeb? p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=1445F9C7B95F9388&p_docnum=5&p_queryname=2 http//weblib. ucc. edu2188/iw-search/we/InfoWeb? p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=139BE64F7B69B398&p_docnum=4&p_queryname=2 http//weblib.ucc. edu2188/iw-search/we/InfoWeb? p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=134F1CD19D623F50&p_docnum=7&p_queryname=2 http//weblib. ucc. edu2188/iw-search/we/InfoWeb? p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=13C7A18781A29440&.

Larsen and Toubro Case Study Essay

Organizational Development (OD) is a planned long name effort led and supported through the top management to improve an organizations aptitude and to solve its own problems by continuously working together and on managing the culture using behavioural skills. Thus, there be roughly certain aspects worth discussing about which are- OD is a planned effort. It requires a lot of effort, patience, and faith and is time consuming. Secondly, OD usually uses outsiders.These facilitators as they are called are process specia appoints and are involved in depth in this process. The pioneers of OD in India were Larsen and Toubro India (L&T). OD at L&T started by calling in 2 eminent professors- Dr Udai Pareek and Dr TV Rao to study the appraisal process at the federation. The existing appraisal system had many faults and needed to be corrected. The difficult task started by the professors interviewing some bosses and subordinates from different departments (using Diagnosis or Action Resear ch) and they got a very interesting feedback.Some of the aspects of the feedback were juniors wanted to fuck how well they were doing on the job, but werent told people wanted to k right off what the growth opportunities in the company were the appraisal form was too lengthy some bosses had too many subordinates to appraise, etc. subsequently get the feedback from the employees the professors gave a report to the top management about the actual problem. The appraisal system had to serve non just one but many purposes namely it should help people understand their strengths and weaknesses, their own get along on the job, how they can perform better, and how they could grow in the company.So the appraisal process had to address the issues of appraisal, potential, pleader, calling development and training all in one The top management after reviewing the report gave the go ahead and they did two main things which were the most important which were bifurcating the Personnel depar tment into personnel department and HRD department. This bifurcation was the kickoff sign of structural change. Secondly, a team of 6 senior managers was formed which would be responsible for implementing the changes required.The romance continues when the 6 task force and the professors decided that the appraisal process had to involve the line managers personally, the performance goals must(prenominal) be set jointly by boss and junior and the appraisals must also involve feedback and counselling to people. Thus, they prepared a Performance Appraisal Manual by involving the departmental heads and other senior managers to tumble what kind of objectives could be set and then added such guidelines in the manual. To address the issue of feedback and counselling, the team set around 29 senior line managers and some senior staff with a flair for populace speaking.These selected people were put through a workshop on how to be good Givers and Receivers of feedback and then by and b y conducted the same workshop for other employees at HQ and regional offices. Thus, the first workshop was a sort out the trainer workshop which was cascaded to the other employees. After putting in so much of effort straightaway the management at L&T wanted to know whether the process was working for them or not. So again the professors interviewed some seniors and juniors about how the appraisals were going on.This time different views came into the picture the goal setting was seen as time consuming, appraisal was becoming a numbers game, and was tending to become ritualistic. The HRD department was asked to conduct a survey (Participant Action Research). The survey also threw new light about the new appraisal process. The bosses now did involve their juniors in the goal setting and there was healthy resolution of difficulties and there was a extravagantly degree of trust between the seniors and juniors which led to increased joint understanding about the job.After receiving such a feedback, they again tried to simplify the appraisal form by adding the definitions of the attributes listed in the appraisal form. In addition, they held refresher courses in feedback skills for both givers and receivers of feedback. The facilitators felt that the appraisal system has stabilised when 80 to 85% of the appraisal forms were returned within six weeks of the target date. Also the HRD department started analyzing all the appraisal forms.The data from the epitome was used for listing high and low performers for a certain period for finalising departmental developmental plans and for preparing the list of department wise employees and the training courses they needed. The above mentioned process took L&T 8 years to tell apart and stabilise themselves. Thus, I can conclude that OD is a long term process which requires a lot of patience, support from the top management and a vision to a bright future.